Myiasis of different organs has been reported off and on from various regions in the world. We report a human case of external ophthalmomyiasis caused by the larvae of a sheep nasal botfly, Oestrus ovis, for the first time from Meerut city in Western Uttar Pradesh, India. A 25-year-old farmer presented with severe symptoms of conjunctivitis. The larvae, 3 in number, were observed in the bulbar conjunctiva, and following removal the symptoms of eye inflammation improved within a few hours.

Awareness of appropriate hand hygiene is important in order to prevent potential transmission to patients.

Objective: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of image guided percutaneous fine needle aspiration cytologyFnAC in various lung lesions -both neoplastic and non-neoplastic. Material and Method:Over a period of one year, computerized tomography (Ct)-guided FnAC was performed in forty patients presenting with respiratory symptoms with a localized lung lesion clinically, which was confirmed radiologically. Results:Male preponderance was noted in this study with M:F ratio of 2.08:. Malignancy was the predominant lesion found in this study with twenty-four cases (60%). Among the malignant lesions, adenocarcinoma was the commonest malignancy followed by squamous cell carcinoma. Material in two cases was inadequate for interpretation. Adenocarcinoma was the commonest malignancy seen in females. However, adenocarcinoma was still more common in males overall. squamous cell carcinoma was the commonest malignancy seen in males. squamous cell carcinoma was the commonest malignancy among smokers. The diagnostic accuracy was 95% considering cytological criteria as the standard.Conclusion: transthoracic Ct-guided FnAC is a relatively safe and accurate procedure in the diagnosis of difficult lung lesions. FnAC should be used earlier and more frequently to shorten the diagnostic interval and allow more prompt therapy for persistent lung lesions.

Introduction: Enterococci are recognized as opportunistic pathogens, as well as commensals in both humans and animals. They are an important cause of nosocomial infections, difficult to treat, as the organism have intrinsic and acquired resistance to many antibiotics. Aim:To isolate and identify clinically relevant Enterococcus up to species level from all the clinical samples processed in the microbiology laboratory and also to study their resistance pattern. Results: E. faecalis (n=169, 84.5%) was the predominant species isolated, followed by E. faecium (n=27, 13.5%) and E. casseliflavus (n=4, 2%). A total of 25 (12.5%) isolates were HLGR, 13 (6.5%) isolates were HLSR and 62 (31%) isolates were HLGR+HLSR. Vancomycin resistance was found in 14 (7%) isolates of which 11 (78.5%) were Van A and 3 (21.4%) were Van B, detected phenotypically as per relative MIC of vancomycin and teicoplanin. Linezolid resistance was seen in 4 (2%) of isolates which were vancomycin as well as high-level gentamycin and high-level streptomycin resistant. Materials and Methods Conclusion:Isolation of Enterococcus species resistant to most of the higher antibiotics like vancomycin and linezolid, with high prevalence of High-Level Aminoglycoside Resistance (HLAR), from hospitalized patients is a major concern as such isolates have limited or no therapeutic option. cumulative data collection system. Hence, the present study was aimed at detecting the antimicrobial resistance pattern among Enterococcus isolates obtained from clinical specimens at a tertiary care centre in Western Uttar Pradesh, with a special emphasis on aminoglycoside, vancomycin and linezolid resistance and to discuss the therapeutic option on those multidrug resistant enterococcal isolates. MATERIALS AND METHODSA total of 15342 clinical samples (urine, blood, pus, genital swab, others) were collected from patients suspected of bacterial infection visiting the IPD/OPD of Subharti Medical College, Meerut between May 2014 to April 2015. All the samples were processed in the Microbiology department using standard microbiological techniques for isolation and identification. All samples except blood were cultured on blood agar, chocolate agar and MacConkey's agar plate and incubated at 37°C for 24 and 48 hours. The plates were observed for growths which were identified using standard bacteriological guidelines [2]. Blood received for culture was processed in BacT/ ALERT ® 3D system (Biomerieux) and sub cultured on above mentioned solid media after positive flagging.Out of 15342 samples, 5370 (35%) were culture positive. The Enterococcus species were identified upto species level by Gram stain, catalase test, 6.5% NaCl tolerance test, heat tolerance test, bile esculin test and a set of biochemical tests i.e., arginine, Garima Yadav et al., Linezolid and Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci: A Therapeutic Problem www.jcdr.net

Mucormycosis is a fungal infection commonly affecting structures in the head and neck, such as the air sinuses, orbits, and the brain. Common predisposing factors include diabetes mellitus and immunosuppression. We describe our clinical experience with four cases of mucormycosis of the maxillary antrum associated with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus managed at our centre. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment can significantly reduce the mortality and morbidity of this lethal fungal infection.

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Aim:The purpose of this in vitro study was to determine whether the addition of 2% chlorhexidine gluconate or 10% doxycycline would enhance the antimicrobial activity of Biodentine against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC-25923), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC-29212), Candida albicans (ATCC-90028), and Streptococcus mutans (MTCC-497).Materials and Methods:Three wells of 4 mm diameter and 4 mm depth on each plate were prepared on the agar medium with standardized suspensions of each microorganism. Biodentine powder mixed with 2% chlorhexidine (0.06 g) or 10% doxycycline (0.30 g) in its liquid or liquid alone was placed to fill each well. Plates were incubated at 37°C as required for microbial growth. A blinded, independent observer measured zones of inhibition. The data were analyzed using independent “t” test to compare the differences among the three cement preparations for different micro-organisms.Results:All Biodentine samples inhibited microbial growth. The highest mean diameters of zone of inhibition for all the micro-organisms were found around Biodentine/chlorhexidine (13.417) followed by Biodentine alone (12.236) and Biodentine/doxycycline (11.25).Conclusion:In conclusion, adding 2% chlorhexidine gluconate in liquid of Biodentine enhanced the antimicrobial activity of Biodentine against all the tested micro-organisms except Candida albicans, while addition of 10% doxycycline decreased the antimicrobial activity of Biodentine. The differences were significant statistically (P < 0.05).

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