The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) seropositive prevalence among women with cervical cancer varies in different parts of the world and even within a country. This study aimed to document the prevalence of HIV infection in women with newly diagnosed cervical cancer at a secondary hospital in South Africa. This study is a retrospective review of records of 89 women who were newly diagnosed with cervical cancer between 01 June 2010 and 31 May 2013 at Pelonomi Hospital, Mangaung, South Africa. Data such as age, parity, gravidity, marital status, occupation, HIV status, CD4 count, on anti-retroviral treatment, clinical stage of disease were retrieved from the case files, the Meditech-patient record and Disa laboratory system. Data analysis was done using the SAS statistical package. HIV-seropositive prevalence was 52.4%, with the highest prevalence (91.3%) in the age group 40 years and younger. In HIV-positive women, the mean CD4 cell count was 280 cell/mm 3 and 43% of them were not on anti-retroviral treatment. The majority (86%) of all patients presented with late stage disease (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics Stage III and IV) when newly diagnosed with cervical cancer. This study highlights high HIV-seropositive prevalence; severe immunosuppression and late presentation of the disease in women newly diagnosed with cervical cancer. Cervical cancer screening programs need to be fully reinforced into existing HIV health care services to allow for ideal prevention and early detection of the disease. Anti-retroviral treatment needs to be prioritized for HIV-positive women.
A case report of effusion cytology of a mucinous neoplasm is illustrated. The authors share their insight into adapting the newly proposed international system for reporting serous fluid cytology.
The objective of this article is to reflect the current stand on robotic vs laparoscopic hysterectomy. There are only few recent studies comparing robotic with laparoscopic hysterectomy and most are retrospective. Early studies found prolonged operating times (e.g. 150.8 vs 114.4 minutes, p = 0.001) for robotic assisted than laparoscopic hysterectomy, 1,2 but this appears to have been the result of a lack of experience with this new technology; the learning curve to reduce the robotic surgical time had median of 29 cases per surgeon. 10 Subsequent studies reported operative durations which are comparable to conventional total laparoscopic hysterectomy, approximately 2 hours. 13,14 A minority of studies have reported that roboticassisted is superior to conventional laparoscopic hysterectomy, with reports of shorter operative duration, decreased blood loss, decreased rate of conversion to laparotomy, decreased use of postoperative narcotic analgesia, and shorter hospital stay. 1,2,12 Materials and methods: This involved the review of related articles to robotic vs laparoscopic hysterectomy. The scope of this review covered Medline, UpToDate, PubMed, Highwire press, Da Vinci community, Google search engine. 12,13 Summary: Recent comparative studies have found that robotic and conventional laparoscopic hysterectomy are essentially equivalent regarding surgical and clinical outcome. Operating times are slightly higher and costs are significantly higher for the robotic hysterectomy.
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