Conventional approaches to query expansion (QE) rely on the integration of an unstructured corpus and probabilistic rules for the extraction of candidate expansion terms. These methods do not consider search query semantics, thereby resulting in ineffective retrieval of information. The semantic approaches for QE overcome this limitation, whereby a search query is expanded with meaningful terms that accord with user information needs. This paper surveys recent approaches to semantic QE that employ different models and strategies and leverages various knowledge structures. We organize these approaches into a taxonomy that includes linguistic methods, ontology-based methods, and mixed-mode methods. We also discuss the strengths and limitations of each type of semantic QE method. In addition, we evaluate various semantic QE approaches in terms of knowledge structure utilization, corpus collection, baseline model adaptation, and retrieval performance. Finally, future directions in exploiting personalized social information and multiple ontologies for semantic QE are suggested. INDEX TERMS Information retrieval, morphological expansion, ontology, semantic query expansion.
One of the crucial elements in an Internet of Things (IoT) environment is a database. IoT performance will be at stake if the wrong database is adopted. In this research, three Structured Query Language (SQL) databases were tested against multiple network speeds in an IoT device. Single board computers (SBC) were used as a media of testing instead of an ordinary computer. A controlled wireless sensor network (WSN) was developed with several uniform constants and variable network speeds. A new data transmission rate equation also was proposed and tested. From the result, it was found that not all SQL databases can cater IoT devices. Some of them showed that performance decreased along with network speed. The correlation, between 0.90 and 0.96, proved the strong influence between the research subjects. In addition, file-type database is the best option available for SQL-wise IoT storage.
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