Purpose of the study:This study aims to solve the problem of citizens who refuse funerals/bodies of Covid-19 patients.Methodology The method used in this study is a normative juridical method using statutory, conceptual and case approaches.Results This study found that it is necessary to socialize, educate and communicate to the citizens that the Covid-19 bodies have gone through stages in accordance with medical protocol and WHO in the treatment/repatriation of bodies so that there should be no need for excessive fear while if residents refuse funerals Covid-19 patients' bodies there are sanctions including moral sanctions, fines and criminal confinement.Applications of this studyThis research can be used by academics and practitioners in health law, so that they can create an instrument to socialize the acceptance of Covid-19's bodies in the community.Novelty/ Originality of this study The bodies of Covid-19 patients have been carried out the repatriation (management) of the bodies in accordance with the standards of who's health protocol (World Health Organization), namely the bodies wrapped in three layers of shrouds and linen and two layers of body bags. then the body in Tayyamum using dust, the body and then placed into the coffin that was placed typical and has been sprayed disinfectant liquid, then the coffin closed tightly using silicone glue and then given nails on each side of the coffin.
Transgender people are seen as an abnormal minority group that bends the accepted sexual orientation against the cultures in Indonesia. This trend is also believed to be more prone to diseases. From the perspective of ius constitutum, transgender people are under different protection as set forth in Article 1 paragraph (3) of Law Number 39 of 1999 and Article 28 J of the 1945 Indonesian Constitution. However, the human rights governed are restricted to moral and religious, security, and public order rights. In the view of the positive law, in terms of health, every individual has the right to decide how they should live their life, but health is generally linked to diseases. When it comes to this matter, it can also be deemed inappropriate or deviant. Transgender people may be deprived of society, and they may have narrower room for their day-to-day activities such as mingling in religious activities and society, and even going to the restroom). This sexual tendency could also cause a serious disease like HIV/AIDS and irritate others due to their existence around them. In a different view, transgender people are recognized by the State that attempts to save them from conflicting thoughts of their existence. To conclude, being transgender is an inner disease existing in an individual. Although it is seen as normal by transgender people, this reality is still seen as discomfort by others.
Criminal law enforcement in Indonesia has always been a very crucial and the sexiest issue. Almost 35 years the idea of criminal law enforcement has been carried out and so far several concepts of the National Criminal Code have been born which continue to experience developmental dynamics that are quite interesting to study. The desire to realize a better criminal law and be able to fulfill the aspirations of the people is the ideal criminal law politics (penal policy). National Criminal Law must have characteristics that are typical of Indonesia, authentic and original, encompassing customary law, systems of values and beliefs, characteristics of modern states and international values. Pancasila as the source of all sources of law, which has not received serious attention needs to be used as a recommendation for the paradigm of penal reform. Pancasila has at least the main principles that must be implemented in all formulations of criminal legislation. These principles are among others, principles based on the source of religious values (Godhead / Divine God), the value of humanity (humanism), the value of unity and peace, the value of democracy and the value of social justice. Therefore, Indonesian criminal law must have values that are based on Pancasila, both in the form of legal norms (addresaat norm), on the types of acts that are regulated (straafbar), in the form of punishment or sanctions (straafmaat), as well as regulatory aspects and implementation of law enforcement law (formal law).
Tindak pidana yang bersifat ringan harus diselesaikan dengan mekanisme yang sama seperti tindak pidana yang berat, adalah salah satu bentuk ironi keadilan. Untuk mengurangi persoalan ironi keadilan tersebut, beberapa negara telah mengembangkan berbagai mekanisme penyelesaian perkara di luar persidangan untuk perkara-perkara yang bersifat ringan. Selain itu, sistem peradilan pidana di setiap negara secara umum juga hanya mampu memproses sebagian kecil dari seluruh tindak pidana yang terjadi sehingga penuntut umum harus melaksanakan diskresi dalam memutuskan perkara mana yang akan dilanjutkan atau dihentikan penuntutannya atau diselesaikan dengan mekanisme penyelesaian perkara pidana yang bersifat ringan di luar persidangan. Isu hukum yang dianalisis dalam tulisan ini adalah bagaimana ratio legis pengaturan mekanisme penyelesaian perkara pidana di luar persidangan di Belanda dan Inggris. Hasil dari analisis tersebut adalah ratio legis pengaturan penyelesaian perkara pidana di luar persidangan adalah untuk mewujudkan keadilan melalui penyederhanaan sistem peradilan pidana dan penerapan asas kelayakan. Keadaan berbeda terjadi pada sistem peradilan pidana Indonesia karena sangat tidak efisien, tidak sesuai dengan asas peradilan cepat, sederhana, dan biaya ringan. Berdasarkan kesimpulan diatas, maka dapat disampaikan rekomendasi bahwa asas kelayakan perlu segera diterima dalam sistem peradilan pidana di Indonesia dengan cara mengadopsi teori subsosialitas sebagaimana tercantum dalam Pasal 9a Sr. dan mengadopsi mekanisme penyelesaian perkara tindak pidana yang bersifat ringan di luar persidangan dalam bentuk transaksi dengan model komposisi, dengan disertai adanya modifikasi penambahan pokok-pokok pemikiran adaptasi bagi sistem hukum Indonesia.Keywords: penyelesaian; perkara; pidana
<p><em>Suspects have the right to obtain legal assistance, especially for suspects who are classified as economically disadvantaged in accordance with Article 56 of the Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP). The facts show that there are many irregularities in the implementation of legal aid, therefore it is necessary to know about the implementation of free legal aid for suspects who are incapacitated at the level of investigation and the factors that become obstacles in the implementation of legal aid. This legal research is an empirical legal research and this research is descriptive in nature. The data used are primary data and secondary data. The techniques used to collect data were document study techniques and interview techniques. Inhibiting factors affecting the implementation of free legal aid for suspects who are unable at the level of investigation can be classified and differentiated into 3 factors, namely, legal substance, legal structure, and legal culture).</em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords: </em></strong><em>Legal Aid, Criminal Cases</em></p>
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