This chapter examines the issues and concerns raised in the context of the recent growth of federal mining programs. The chapter argues that in the context of the war on terror, intelligence gathering on terrorist activities both within and outside the United States has emerged as one of the core strategies for homeland security. The major national security related federal agencies such as the Department of Justice, Department of Homeland Security, and the Department of Defense have developed a number of data mining programs to improve terrorism intelligence gathering and analysis in the wake of the events of September 11, 2001. Some data mining programs have, however, raised a number of issues related to privacy protections and civil liberties. These issues have given birth to a wider debate in the nation and raised new tensions about how to search for a balance between the needs for the protection of privacy and civil liberties, and the needs for national security. The authors believe that the future of this debate is intimately connected to the future of the war on terror. Currently, Congress and the federal courts seem to be more in favor of supporting the preeminent needs of protecting national security. Through a number of enactments, Congress has broadened the federal power for collecting terrorism intelligence both at home and abroad. In a number of cases, the federal courts have ruled in favor of the doctrines of the “state secret privilege” and the “inherent power of the President” to emphasize the overriding need for protecting national security in the context of the war on terror. As America has embarked on a long and protracted ideological war against radical militant Islam, issues of national security and the need for data mining for detecting and analyzing terrorist activities are likely to remain dominant for a long time.
The purpose of this study was to investigate HIV risk behaviours of IDUs and the drug scene in Bangladesh. The setting for the study was the city of Rajshahi, in the northwestern area of Bangladesh, which shares a border with India. Sixty-four clients of a drug treatment agency were surveyed about their drug use, drug injecting, sexual behaviour and knowledge about HIV and AIDS. All participants were males with a mean age of 32 years. Most participants had no or little formal education. All participants had injected drugs, primarily buprenorphine. The majority of participants were long-term drug users who had begun injecting drugs recently-70% had commenced injecting in the last 3 years. Sexual contact with sex workers (50%) and with casual partners (85%) was common among participants. Although most participants had heard of AIDS, few knew how HIV is transmitted. Most participants (81%) injected in groups at shooting galleries where they paid another to inject them. The shooting galleries operated without concern for hygiene or user safety. The potential for HIV to spread among IDUs and onto their non-injecting sexual partners in Bangladesh is cause for concern. A rapid assessment of HIV prevalence among IDUs in Bangladesh is urgently required.
This paper reviews and describes the natural processes through which the people of a Third World country, Bangladesh, have been trying to provide treatment to drug misusers. As the demand for medical help increases, different organizations develop to cater to the needs. Bangladesh has followed the age-old ashram model and the contemporary medical hospital model to provide services to its addicts. In reality the drug misuse treatment providers are still evolving through different learning stages about the biopsychosocial manifestations of addiction. According to the authors, the stages of learning can be divided into three phases: 1) the early period of confusion and enthusiasm, 2) the period of truism, and 3) the period of pragmatism. The people who have gained experience in running treatment centers in the last decade need to form alliances to share their experiences in order to develop rational models for drug treatment programs in Bangladesh. It is also important that they develop methods to monitor providers' activities and to protect clients' safety and interests.
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