Concrete being an important material for construction of various structures has severe demand in the present trend of construction industry. Aggregate occupies the major quantity (70% approx.) of concrete based on which characteristics like compressive strength and porosity are controlled. The present usage of aggregate for construction is resulting in the depletion of the natural resources as well as it is showing a great impact on the environment. The work is to focus on the strength characteristics of concrete using coconut shell as an alternative material obtained from coconut processing units. Based on earlier studies a nominal amount of 30% replacement of natural coarse aggregate with coconut shell has been fixed. 'Alccofine' is used as a mineral admixture by replacing cement at various proportions in order to supplement the loss of strength. Tests have been carried out to find out the dry density, wet density and compressive strength. Comparison of the results show that the 30CS A8 (M4) achieving less density without compromising the strength.
With the increase in the number of public and private buses in cities in recent years, managing the bus fleet across various routes in an efficient and effective manner has become cumbersome. This is resulting in suboptimal services, inability to effectively cater to existing demand, and poor quality of public transport services. Modern technological advancements have created a tremendous opportunity to improve various aspects of public transport services, to not only serve existing demand but attract increasing number of passengers to public transport from a sustainable development standpoint. One such area which is gaining momentum is intelligent fleet management using the concept of Internet of Things (IoT). This area calls for a cross-field collaboration between engineers from various disciplines to use the up and coming idea of Internet of Things (IoT) for overcoming the challenges of intelligent fleet management. This paper explores the opportunity for incorporation of IoT to manage bus fleets based on the occupancy ratio and the resulting benefits that can be achieved in terms of fleet frequency optimization.
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