Introduction: Increased use of wireless devices and networks such as mobile phones has increased exposure to non-ionizing radiation. Since wireless devices are a distinct part of the ongoing technology, the benefits of applications must outweigh the associated risks so that the developments can take place. In this questionnaire-based study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of non-ionizing radiation from mobile phone base transceiver station (BTS) antennae on the Zabol inhabitants’ health. Methods: In this study, 349 volunteers (186 men and 163 women) inhabiting in Zabol, Iran, were asked to complete a standardized questionnaire from April 2019 to June 2021. The questionnaire included information about age, sex, education, time of residence, and the emergence of symptoms such as cardiovascular problems, weight loss, depression, sleep disturbance, nervousness, and hearing disturbances. The power density of non-ionizing radiation in the living place of the volunteers was measured by an Electro Smog Meter (TES-92 TES Instruments Taiwan). Results: Results showed that the frequency of complaints increased by enhancing the power density for most of the studied symptoms, and in some cases (e.g., irritability, P<0.05 and lowering of libido, P<0.05), the increase was significant with at least P<0.05. The minimum and the maximum measured power densities at the place of residence were 98.3 μW/m2 and 3400 μW/m2 , respectively. Moreover, increasing the frequency of complaints by about at least one symptom was significantly associated with a power density of>600 μW/m2 (P<0.05). Conclusion: It is suggested that inhabitants should not live in locations where the power density is higher than 600 μW/m2 to minimize the risk of radiation-induced symptoms.
Objective:The aim of this study was to compare the effects of radiofrequency radiation (RF) in synergism with gold (Au) and silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) on the survival fraction of human normal kidney (HNK) and human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells.Materials and Methods:HNK and HEK cells were divided into three groups as control, 1 and 2 h/day-irradiated groups for 8 days. To compare the effects of RF in the presence of Au-NPs and Ag-NPs, the cells were incubated with NPs during the irradiation. In other words, six other groups were designed for the cell incubated with Au-NPs and Ag-NPs including control, 1 and 2 h/day-irradiated groups for 8 days. Generalized estimating equation model was applied to consider the natural correlation of repeated measurements over the time.Results:The mean survival fractions of HNK + Ag-NPs and HEK + Au-NPs were 0.098 less, 0.184 and 0.055 more than HEK cells, respectively. Along with the time, the mean fraction in HEK + Ag-NPs and HEK + Au-NPs groups in comparison with the HEK increased by the rate of 0.005 and decreased by the rates of 0.01 and 0.005, respectively. The mean survival fractions in HEK + Ag-NPs and HEK + Au-NPs were significantly less than that of HEK cells (P < 0.05).Conclusions:RF radiation can affect both HNK and HEK cells when irradiated for 2 h/day for 8 days. The results showed that the Ag-NPs do not increase the synergistic effects of RF compared to the Au-NPs. RF radiation at the presence of Au-NPs can be used as an efficient treatment for melanoma.
Background: An accurate and fast radiation dose calculations method is the main part of treatment planning for successful radiation therapy.Objective: This work aimed to create a novel GPU-based fast Monte Carlo Photon Dose Code (MCPDC) as a fast and accurate tool in dose calculation for radiotherapy treatment planning. Materials and Methods:In this analytical study, MCDPC was written to implement photon MC simulation for energies 0.01 to 20 MeV and run on an NVID-IA GTX970. The code was validated using DOSXYZnrc results and experimental measurements, performed by a Mapcheck dosimeter. Using the innovative definition of photon and electron interactions, mean calculation time for the MCPDC was 5.4 sec for 5e7 source particle history, significantly less than that of DOSXYZnrc which was 400 min.Results: Considering the simulations in the anthropomorphic phantom with bone and lung inhomogeneity, more than 96.1% of all significant voxels passed the gamma criteria of 3%-3 mm. Compared to the experimental dosimetry results, 97.6% or more of all significant voxels passed the acceptable clinical gamma index of 3%-3 mm. Conclusion:Very fast calculation speed and high accuracy in dose calculation may allow the MCPDC to be used in radiotherapy as a central component of a treatment plan verification system and also as the dose calculation engine for MC-based planning. MCPDC is currently being developed for electron dose calculation module and graphic user interface. In addition, future work on the applicability of the improved version of the MCPDC in transit dosimetry of megavoltage CT is in process.
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