Background and objectives: Spousal abuse, also known as domestic violence, can impose negative psychological effects on women, including a decline in psychological well-being and optimism. Hence, development of capabilities such as happiness can be helpful in coping with these outcomes. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of happiness training on the psychological well-being and optimism of pregnant women with a history of spousal abuse. Methods: In this semi-experimental study (with a pretest and posttest design), 30 pregnant women who were referred to health centers of Gorgan (Iran) in 2015 were selected via non-random sampling. The subjects were randomly divided into an experimental group (n=15) and a control group (n=15). The experimental group received 10 sessions of happiness training, but the control group received no training. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, the Ryff's psychological well-being scale and an optimism questionnaire. Data analysis was done using the SPSS software (version 16) and descriptive and inferential statistics at significance level of 0.05. Results: The happiness training significantly increased the level of psychological well-being and optimism. There was a significant difference in the mean score of psychological well-being and optimism between the two groups (P-value= 0.001) Conclusion: The findings show that happiness training significantly improves happiness and psychological well-being in women with a history of domestic violence. We recommend performing future studies with a larger study population and short-and long-term follow-ups to evaluate the effectiveness of such training over time.
Introduction: Obsessive-compulsive symptoms are common phenomena in society and they have negative effects on individual's function. The aim of the present study was to investigate the predictive power of some potential predictors of obsessive-compulsive symptoms subtypes. In this study, the correlations of meta cognitive beliefs, maladaptive schemas and worry with obsessive-compulsive symptoms subtypes were examined. Method: eighty students of Tehran University of Medical Sciences were selected based on cluster sampling. The students completed Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised(OCI-R), Meta Cognition Questionnaire(MCQ), Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form(YSQ-SF) and Penn State Worry Questionnaire(PSWQ). Correlation and regression analyses were used to analyze the data. Results: All predictive variables significantly correlated with obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Results from stepwise regression showed that meta cognitive beliefs entered in regressional models more than other variables. Worry had the lowest weight in prediction of the dependent variables. Predictors had different weights in predicting of subtypes. Predictive formulate were reported for each of subtypes and the total score of obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Conclusion: Results from this study about correlations of meta cognitive beliefs, maladaptive schemas and worry with obsessive-compulsive symptoms were consistent with cognitive theories in this field. The roles of each predictor and its clinical applications are discussed.
Introduction:Marital infidelity is one of the most destructive problems in a relationship and also one of the issues that usually leads to divorce. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on intolerance of uncertainty, tolerance of turmoil, and sexual function in betrayed women. Materials and Methods: The research method was quasi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design. The statistical population of the study consisted of all betrayed women in Gorgan, Iran who were referred to Aramesh and Roshna Counseling Centers from July to August 2021 to receive counseling services. Among them, 30 people were selected by the available sampling method and randomly divided into two groups; experimental (15 people) and control (15 people). The research instruments were Fristen et al.'s Uncertainty Intolerance Questionnaire, Simmons and Gahr Confusion Tolerance Questionnaire, and Rosen Sexual Function Questionnaire. Research data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance. Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of intolerance, confusion tolerance, and sexual function. In other words, treatment based on acceptance and commitment significantly improved intolerance, turbulence tolerance, and sexual function in betrayed women. Conclusion: It is recommended that clinical psychologists and therapists use acceptance and commitment therapy along with other educational methods to improve the mental health of betrayed women.n
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