Background: Spirituality is an important dimension of human existence with a crucial role in health promotion. This study aimed to investigate nurses' attitudes towards spiritual care and its practice. Methods:It was a descriptive cross-sectional study. The relevant data were collected by Nursing Spiritual Care Perspective Scale (NSCPS). In this study, 166 nurses working in hospitals affiliated to Iran University of Medical Sciences were selected by proportional stratified randomized sampling method. The obtained data were analysed by descriptive statistics, including frequency, mean, and standard deviation, using SPSS V. 16. Results:The Mean±SD score of nurses' attitudes towards spiritual practice was 3.67±0.51. The mean score of responses to 9 out of 11 items was above 3 indicating high range of attitude toward providing spiritual care. The Mean±SD score of nurses' spiritual practice was 1.93±0.48. The mean score of the responses to 3 out of 12 items was above 2 indicating the nurses' weak ability to provide spiritual care. Conclusion:Despite nurses' positive attitudes towards providing spiritual care, they have provided insufficient spiritual care interventions. Thus, appropriate approach for teaching spiritual merits and increasing nurses' abilities for providing spiritual care seems necessary.
The monitoring of drought is the most important factor in water resources management. This study focuses on evaluation of the drought characteristics such as intensity, frequency and duration drought using Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) in different time scales such as: SPI1, SPI3 months, during 1980-2012. The results show that selection of different time scales can be based on management goals and kind of drought. The results of the drought occurrence frequency showed that, with increase of length of time scales, drought duration will increase and maximum frequency was at the normal level and there is no particular procedure in different time scales. Furthermore, Drought patterns maps showed that the northern and central parts of study area had experienced these recent droughts more than other places, and these place have potential to destroy the lands. So, by identification of sensitivity regions can be take appropriate management to prevent damage resulting of drought. Keywords: drought monitoring, different time scales, drought pattern, drought duration, Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI). Monitoramento da Seca na Província de Chaharmahl-Bakhtiyari no IrãResumo O monitoramento da seca é o fator mais importante na gestão de recursos hídricos. Este estudo centra-se na avaliação das características da seca, como intensidade, frequência e duração da seca, utilizando o Índice Padronizado de Precipitação (SPI) em diferentes escalas de tempo, tais como: SPI1, SPI3 (mensal), durante 1980-2012. Os resultados mostram que a seleção de diferentes escalas de tempo pode ser baseada em gerenciamento de metas e tipos de seca. Os resultados com base na frequência de ocorrência de seca mostraram que, com o aumento do período de tempo analisado, aumentou a duração da seca e a frequência máxima além do nível normal e não há nenhum procedimento específico em diferentes escalas de tempo. Além disso, os mapas de padrões de seca mostraram que as partes do norte e central da área de estudo experimentaram secas recentes mais do que outras regiões, tento esses locais grande potencial para catástrofes resultantes da seca. Assim, através da identificação de regiões mais sensíveis a esta ação climática, pode-se definir uma gestão apropriada para evitar grandes danos. Palavras-chave: monitoramento da seca, diferentes escalas de tempo, padrão de seca, duração da seca, Índice de Precipitação Padronizado (SPI).
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