It is well known that there is degradation in the performance of a fixed parameter controller when the system parameters are subjected to a change. Conventional controllers can become even unstable, with these parametric uncertainties. This problem can be avoided by using robust and adaptive control design techniques. However, to obtain robust performance, it is desirable that the closed-loop poles of the perturbed structural system remain at prespecified locations for a range of system parameters. With the aim to obtain robust performance by manipulating the closed loop poles of the perturbed system, feasibility of the pole placement based controller design techniques is checked for active vibration control applications. The controllers based on the adaptive and robust pole placement method are implemented on smart structures. It was observed that the adaptive pole placement controllers are noise tolerant, but require high actuator voltages to maintain stability. However, robust pole placement controllers require comparatively small amplitude of control voltage to maintain stability, but are noise sensitive. It was realized that by using these techniques, robust stability and performance can be obtained for a moderate range of parametric uncertainties. However, the position of closed-loop poles should be judiciously chosen for both the control design strategies to maintain stability.
The aim of this research is to investigate the mineral, anti-nutrients composition and the antimicrobial activity of the ethanol fraction of the leaf, stem and roots of Cleome gynandra. (Cat's whiskers). Matured whole plant of C. gynandra, collected from Mubi North Local Government Area, Adamawa State Nigeria, extracted with 95% ethanol, showed presence of Ca, Na, Mg and Fe. Samples contained high Na and low Ca, Mg, and Fe concentrations. Heavy metals of Zn, Mn, Cr, Cu, and Pb, were not detected. The anti-microbial activity of the extract using agar diffusion method showed zones of inhibition (mm) against Salmonella typhi (11.00±0.1,8.00±0.1,9.00±0.1), Pneumonia spp (11.00±0.2,12.00±0.1, 8.00±0.2), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, (11.00±0.3,8.00±0.1,ND) and Staphylococcus aureus (8.00±0.1,11.00±0.2, & ND), for the leaf, stem and root respectively. The anti-nutrient component showed phytate and oxalate contents were less than is nutritionally Original Research Article significant, while tannins were in traces. Toxicological analysis could be done on the plant, for it has good medicinal potentials.
The food insecurity in the world/Nigeria paves the way for more research to remedy human hunger /diseases caused by weather conditions / greenhouse effects. This study compares and validates the proximate composition, the anti-nutritional and anti-microbial screening of crude methanol extracts of three Nigerian medicinal plants; Lactuca taraxacifolia; [ moisture (10.68 ± 00%), Ash (19.48 ± 0.03%), Crude fibre (39.16 ± 0.10%), Crude Protein (7.97± 0.03%), Lipid (11.77± 0.02%), Carbohydrate (29.91± 0.13%), Oxalate > Phylate > Tannin; the inhibition zones for the most effective concentration of 50 mg / mL : Staphylococcus. aureus 45.66 ± 0.00, Escherichia coli 49.40 ± 0.01, Salmonella typhi 42.30 ± 0.00, Streptococcus faecalis 41.90 ± 0.01]. Aframomum melegueta; {Moisture (4.36 ± 0.04 %), Ash (6.75 ± 0.03%), Crude fibre (19.92 ± 0.11 %), Protein (5.48 ± 0.04 %), Crude fat (3.60 ± 0.13%), Carbohydrate (59.49 ± 004%), Tannin > Phylate > Oxalate; S. aureus 20.22 ± 0.01, E. coli 30.21 ± 0.30, S. typhi 15.24 ± 0.11, S. faecalis 15.61 ± 0.13} and Ocimum gratissimum; [Moisture (12.43 ± 0.22%), Ash (17.77 ± 0.04%), Fibre (19.91± 0.15%), Protein (1.92 ± 0.26%), Fat (11.80 ± 0.02%), Carbohydrate (42.63 ± 0.06%), Tannin > Phylate > Oxalate; S. aureus 35.03 ± 0.00, E. coli 34.22 ± 0.71, S. typhi 32.02 ± 0.01, S. faecalis 30.01 ± 0.42]. Considering the proximate analyses, it’s seen that, A. melegueta carbohydrates is the greatest followed by O. gratissimum, then L. taraxacifolia. Their anti-nuttherapeutics and nutrients, especially during this era of food
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