In today's world, social media provides a valuable platform for conveying expressions, thoughts, point-of-views, and communication between people, from diverse walks of life. There are currently approximately 2.62 billion active users' social networks, and this is expected to exceed 3 billion users by 2021. Social networks used to share ideas and information, allowing interaction across communities, organizations, and so forth. Recent studies have found that the typical individual uses these platforms between 2 and 3 h a day. This creates a vast and rich source of data that can play a critical role in decisionmaking for companies, political campaigns, and administrative management and welfare. Twitter is one of the important players in the social network arena. Every scale of companies, celebrities, different types of organizations, and leaders use Twitter as an instrument for communicating and engaging with their followers. In this paper, we build upon the idea that Twitter data can be analyzed for crowd source sensing and decision-making. In this paper, a new framework is presented that uses Twitter data and performs crowd source sensing. For the proposed framework, real-time data are obtained and then analyzed for emotion classification using a lexicon-based approach. Previous work has found that weather, understandably, has an impact on mood, and we consider these effects on crowd mood. For the experiments, weather data are collected through an application-programming-interface in R and the impact of weather on human sentiments is analyzed. Visualizations of the data are presented and their usefulness for policy/ decision makers in different applications is discussed.INDEX TERMS Big data, crowd-sourced sensing, lexicon-based approach, Twitter, social networks.
Multiprotocol label switched (MPLS) networks were introduced to enhance the network`s service provisioning and optimize its performance using multiple protocols along with label switched based networking technique. With the addition of traffic engineering entity in MPLS domain, there is a massive increase in the networks resource management capability with better quality of services (QoS) provisioning for end users. Routing protocols play an important role in MPLS networks for network traffic management, which uses exact and approximate algorithms. There are number of artificial intelligence-based optimization algorithms which can be used for the optimization of traffic engineering in MPLS networks. The paper presents an optimization model for MPLS networks and proposed dolphin-echolocation algorithm (DEA) for optimal path computation. For Network with different nodes, both algorithms performance has been investigated to study their convergence towards the production of optimal solutions. Furthermore, the DEA algorithm will be compared with the bat algorithm to examine their performance in MPLS network optimization. Various parameters such as mean, minimum /optimal fitness function values and standard deviation.
Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is a swarm-based optimization technique capable of solving different categories of optimization problems. Nevertheless, PSO has a serious exploration issue that makes it a difficult choice for multi-objectives constrained optimization problems (MCOP). At the same time, Multi-Protocol Label Switched (MPLS) and its extended version Generalized MPLS, has become an emerging network technology for modern and diverse applications. Therefore, as per MPLS and Generalized MPLS MCOP needs, it is important to find the Pareto based optimal solutions that guarantee the optimal resource utilization without compromising the quality of services (QoS) within the networks. The paper proposes a novel version of PSO, which includes a modified version of the Elitist learning Strategy (ELS) in PSO that not only solves the existing exploration problem in PSO, but also produces optimal solutions with efficient convergence rates for different MPLS/ GMPLS network scales. The proposed approach has also been applied with two objective functions; the resource provisioning and the traffic load balancing costs. Our simulations and comparative study showed improved results of the proposed algorithm over the well-known optimization algorithms such as standard PSO, Adaptive PSO, Bat and Dolphin algorithm.
-Introduction of modern and diverse applications in telecommunication field has raised challenges in networking area regarding efficient use of network resources and with optimizing performance. Therefore MPLS/GMPLS (Generalized multiprotocol label switching) networks were introduced to provide a better quality of service to meet users' requirements as well as to optimize network resources. GMPLS networks use traffic engineering techniques for more efficient communication within the network and help to optimize network resources. This paper proposes BAT inspired metaheuristic algorithm for selecting an efficient route in MPLS/ GMPLS networks. In our investigation we considered routing costs as an objective function with goal to minimize it. The paper uses BAT algorithm with various levels of loudness parameter. The simulation results show performance improvements in MPLS/GMPLS networks of different size.
Abstract-Modern telecommunication networks are based on diverse applications that highlighted the status of efficient use of network resources and performance optimization. Various methodologies are developed to address multi-objectives optimization within the traffic engineering of MPLS/ GMPLS networks. However, Pareto based approach can be used to achieve the optimization of multiple conflicting objective functions concurrently. We considered two objective functions such as routing and load balancing costs functions. In the paper, we introduce a heuristics algorithm for solving multi-objective multiple constrained optimization (MCOP) in MPLS/ GMPLS networks. The paper proposes the application of a Pareto based particle swarm optimization (PPSO) for such network's type and through a comparative analysis tests its efficiency against another modified version; Pareto based particle swarm optimization with elitist learning strategy (PPSO_ELS). The simulation results showed that the former proposed approach not only solved the MCOP problem but also provide effective solution for exploration problem attached with PPSO algorithm.
Genetic algorithms (GAs) are dependent on various operators and parameters. The most common evolutionary operators are parent selection, crossover, and mutation. Each operator has broad implementations with its pros and cons. A successful GA is highly dependent on genetic diversity which is the main driving force that steers a GA towards an optimal solution. Mutation operator implements the idea of exploration to search for uncharted areas and introduces diversity in a population. Thus, increasing the probability of GA to converge to a globally optimum solution. In this paper, a new variant of mutation operator is proposed, and its functions are studied and compared with the existing operators. The proposed mutation operator as well as others such as m-mutation, shuffle, swap, and inverse are tested for their ability to introduce diversity in population and hence, their effects on the performance of GA. All these operators are applied to Max one problem. The results concluded that the proposed variant is far more superior to the existing operators in terms of introducing diversity and hence early convergence to an optimum solution.
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