The interacting boson models, and were used to perform a complete study of even –even 160-168Yb isotopes .The low –lying positive parity states, dynamic symmetries, reduced electric quadrupole transition probability , quadruple momentum , and potential energy surface for 160-168Yb were investigated. Energy level sequences and energy ratios showed the gradual transition of the properties of these nuclei from the γ-unstable features to the rotational features . Adding the pairing parameter to Hamiltonian had a very slight effect on this feature, but it raised the β band, since it represents symmetry breaking such as in γ-unstable features . This applies to the experimental decay scheme of 160-168Yb isotopes. In , proton and neutron quadruple deformation parameters and showed values equal to -1.24 and approximately 0.7, respectively, which supports the same idea in the interacting boson model . A contour plot of the potential energy surface for 160-168Yb isotopes showed that the minimum potential occurs at approximately .
Interacting boson model (IBM – 1 and IBM – 2) have been used to perform a whole studying for 34 72 − 80 S e isotopes. The low lying positive party states, dynamic symmetries, mixed symmetry states MSS, reducing electric quadruple transition probabilities B(E2), branching ratio, quadruple momentum Q 2 1 + , reducing magnetic dipole transition probability B(M1), mixing ratio δ(E2/M1), reducing electric monopole transition probability B(E0), and X(E0/E2) ratio have been investigated. U(5) features are the dominant in 34 72 − 80 S e with addition of a 2 small effect of parameter started from 34 74 S e to 34 80 S e isotopes, energy ratios show that 34 72 S e isotopes as the nearest isotopes to typical vibrational limit while 34 74 − 80 S e isotopes tend towards the rotational region that lied on U(5) - SU(3), leg of “Casten’s triangle”. Spin and party for many energy levels and electromagnetic transition probability are confirmed. The mixing symmetry states in 34 72 − 78 S e isotopes are slowly increased with ζ2 while there is no clear effected in 34 80 S e isotope. The calculated branching ratios B(E2), B(M1) mixing ratios δ(E2/M1), B(E0), and X(E0/E2) depend in comparisons with fewer available experimental data. The results are in acceptable agreement; to completed a perfect comparison, more experimental investigations are still needed to these nuclei. 34 72 − 80 S e isotopes have small values of electric quadruple moment of 2 1 + state.
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