Summary
In the growing energy consumption, the photocatalysis seems to be very helpful due to promising environmental applications. Several semiconducting nanostructures are reported as photocatalysts but still, the researchers are finding a way towards higher efficiency. The TiO2 nanostructures with different sizes, morphologies, synthesis methods and dopants have been reviewed to study their effect on photocatalysis. The TiO2 photocatalysts are presented to be widely used in energy and eco‐friendly applications including water purification, hydrogen production, phenol degradation, Cr(VI) and CO2 reduction. The photostability, accessibility and environmental harmlessness have been presented as a break through towards the global energy crisis due to potential application in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Besides variety of useful applications, the efficiency is limited due to wide bandgap, fast charge recombination, and many other factors. The progress of TiO2 photocatalyst along with the limitations underway and their possible solutions have been presented from reported literature. It is predicted that an approach towards highly efficient photocatalyst could be achieved in the form of nanostructured TiO2.
An introduction to perovskites along with their structure and properties are discussed. Lanthanum Aluminate (LaAlO3) compound, its phase transition from cubic to rhombohedral, chemical bonding, the electronic structure and the optical properties are argued in this review. The generalized gradient approximation by using the full potential linearized augmented plane wave is discussed. Other analysis methods are also discussed. The analysis of the bond population and the electronic density profile gives the nature of both ionic and covalent bonds. Moreover, dielectric function which is calculated is in full agreement with the experimental data. The spectrum of electron energy-loss, refractive index, conductivity, absorption spectrum and the reflectivity are easily obtained from a calculated dielectric function. The 6.1 eV optical band gap is exhibited by the absorption spectrum which agrees with some other experimental calculations. Importance of a perovskite type compounds cannot be denied. Different applications are also described in this paper.
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