Aim: To find out the prevalence and patterns of tori in edentulous patients and determine their association with gender and age. Study design: A cross-sectional observational study. Place and duration: Prosthodontic Department of Islamic International Dental College, Islamabad from 1st September 2021 to 1st December 2021. Methodology: A total of 165 edentulous patients of both genders were selected using non-probability purposive sampling. After collecting demographic data, intra-oral examination was carried out. Maxillary and mandibular stone casts were made after taking alginate impressions. Sharp graphite pencil was used to mark torus mandibularis and torus palatinus and the stone casts were carefully analyzed for size, shape and location of tori. Results: Total prevalence of tori in present study was 11.5%. 7.7% males and 14.9% female patients reported having tori. No gender association with tori existence found; p>0.05. Maximum number of tori reported in age group 71-80 years (21.4%). Chi square test showed association of tori presence with age; p <0.05. The flat and spindle shaped tori were (1.2%) whereas lobular and nodular shaped accounted for 1(0.6%) torus palatinus. The prevalence of small sized tori was mostly reported (7.9%). Unilateral single tori were frequently found (6.7%). Conclusion: The prevalence of tori occurrence in edentulous patients is low. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of tori among male and female patients however tori exitance increases with increasing age. Key words: Torus Palatinus, Torus Mandibularis, frequency, edentulous, prevalence.
Objective: To determine caries frequency in mandibular second molars in proportion to level of angulation and depth of impaction of mandibular third molars established on winters and Pell and Gregory classification system. Study Design: This was a Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: This study was regulated in Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at Islamic International Dental Hospital, Islamabad from 1 January 2018 to 30th June 2018. Materials and Methods: An overall 100 cases of caries were investigated on clinical and radiographic basis in mandibular second molars. Each panoramic radiograph was studied for the presence of carious lesion in lower second molars. The depth and angulation of impacted third molars was being assessed using Pell and Gregory and winter's grouping respectively. Chi square test was applied for analysis of data. Results: The participants in this study had age range from 18 to 60 years old. Mean age was 39.24 ±9.77 years. Majority of the patients 59 (59.0%) were between the ages 18 and 40. Among these patients, males were 83 (83.0%) and females 17 (17.0%) having a 4.9:1 male-to-female ratio. Caries at the distal aspect of mandibular second molars were seen in 39 percent of individuals with impacted lower third molars and mesioangularly impacted teeth most resulted in caries. Conclusion: This study concluded that 39% of the patients with impacted mandibular third molars caused distal cervical caries in second molars, with mesioangular impaction being the most prominent type causing caries. So, an attentive follow up of impacted mandibular third molars should be considered as health of lower mandibular second molar is influenced by pattern of impaction.
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