TiOx (x<2) nanoparticles have been synthesized by solid state reaction between as-prepared TiO2 nanoparticles and NaAlH4, KBH4 as a reducing agents in argon atmosphere at two temperature 600 oC and 850 oC . the X-ray diffraction patterns of reduced TiO2 shows a peak shift and broadening which attributed to the lattice contraction after reduction treatment. AFM images confirm that the surface roughness of reduced TiO2 were larger than unmodified TiO2 nanoparticles due to the formation of oxygen vacancies. UV‐Vis spectroscopy measurements revealed that the reduced TiO2 nanoparticles have an absorption edge lies in the visible region from the electromagnetic radiations with lower band gap. EDS spectra indicate that the as-prepared and reduced TiO2 nanoparticles have a high degree of purity and the acquired results confirm formation nonstoichiometric (TiO2-x) with oxygen deficient.
This study is designed to highlight photocatalytic activity of TiO2 nanoparticles in methyl orange (MO) dye degradation. Titanium dioxide TiO2 nanopowder was synthesized by conventional sol-gel method and calcined in air atmosphere at different temperatures 350C, 550C and 850C. The prepared TiO2 nanoparticles then were subjected to a solid state reaction with calcium hydride (CaH2) at the same temperatures but calcined in argon atmosphere. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) measurements used for phase and crystalline size identification showed that the obtained samples have the same TiO2 anatase phase, but the crystalline size decreased after reduction treatment. The electronic properties obtained via UV spectroscopy showed the decrease in calculated energy gap from 3.3 eV for prepared TiO2-550 to 2.65 eV for reduced TiO2-CaH2-550, which extend the absorption spectra toward visible light region. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) measurements revealed that the particle size decreased after reduction treatment similar to the XRD crystalline size. EDS results indicated that the deficient in oxygen content relates to formation oxygen vacancies responsible for nonstoichiometric TiO2-x oxides formation. The synthesized reduced TiO2 showed an excellent photo-catalytic activity in methyl orange dye degradation under optimum condition: pH 4.5, 40 mg catalyst loading and 10 ppm initial dye concentration.
Abstract. This study was conducted to demonstrate the effect of plant extracts from the Nerium oleander L. plant and ultrasound waves of different frequencies (10-50) (20-45) (50-60) (30-65) KHz on the barnacle larvae cyprid of barnacle Balanus amphitrite amphitrite obtained from Nasiriya Thermal Power Station inlet water. Samples were collected bimonthly three replicates. The results of the Oleandrin 1 and 2.5 mg/500 ml showed a an effect of losing the larvae cyprid, 2.5 mg showed an increasing effect on the seventh day. A maximum losing of larvae cyprid was attained when using ultrasonic with con junction of 2.5 mg Oleandrin extract reached 100% on the tenth day
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