The response function of graphene is calculated in the presence of a constant current across the sample. For small drift velocities and finite chemical potential, analytic expressions are obtained and consequences on the plasmonic excitations are discussed. For general drift velocities and zero chemical potential, numerical results are presented and a plasmon gain region is identified that is related to interband transitions.
Electro-optical response of a current-carrying monolayer graphene is studied theoretically. Our calculation takes into account full (diagonal and non-diagonal) conductivity tensor obtained from a particle-conserving out-of-equilibrium distribution function of doped graphene. Our analytical and numerical results indicate that the presence of a moderate DC current throughout a doped graphene channel induces large Kerr rotations within a frequency range which can be tuned up to the mid-infrared frequency range.
We report the magneto-optical response of Gadolinium Gallium Garnet (GGG) and Gadolinium Scandium Gallium Garnet (SGGG) at frequencies ranging from 300 GHz to 1 THz, and determine the material response tensor. Within this frequency window, the materials exhibit nondispersive and low-loss optical responses. At low temperatures, significant THz Faraday rotations are found in the (S)GGG samples. Such strong gyroelectric response is likely associated with the high-spin paramagnetic state of the Gd 3+ ions. A model of the material response tensor is determined, together with the Verdet and magneto-optic constants.
In this work, we study the in-plane optical phonon modes of current-carrying single-layer graphene whose coupling to the π electron gas is strong. Such modes are expected to undergo a frequency shift compared to the non-current-carrying state due to the non-equilibrium occupation of the Dirac cone electronic eigen-states with the flowing π electron gas. Large electron-phonon coupling (EPC) can be identified by an abrupt change in the slope of the phonon mode dispersion known as the Kohn anomaly, which mainly occurs for (i) the in-plane longitudinal/transverse optical (LO/TO) modes at the Brillouin zone (BZ) center (Γ point), and (ii) the TO modes at the BZ corners (K points). We show that the breaking of the rotational symmetry by the DC current results in different frequency shifts to the Γ-TO and Γ-LO modes. More specifically, the DC current breaks the TO-LO mode degeneracy at the Γ point which ideally would be manifested as the splitting of the Raman G peak.
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