Objective: Coronavirus disease, one of the most disastrous epidemics, has caused a worldwide crisis, and the containment measures applied to decelerate the progression of the pandemic can increase the risk of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Identifying vulnerable groups in this area can lead us to better resource expenditure, and therefore, this systematic review aims to make a comparison between males and females to determine which of the two groups was most affected by the COVID-19 pandemic regarding OCD. Also, a meta-analysis was designed to investigate the prevalence of OCD during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted among three databases (Medline, Scopus, Web of Science) until August 2021 which resulted in 197 articles, and 24 articles met our inclusion criteria. Results: Overall, more than half of the articles stated the role of gender in OCD during the COVID-19 pandemic. Several articles emphasized the role of the female gender, and some others the role of the male gender. The meta-analysis revealed a 41.2% overall prevalence of OCD during the COVID pandemic and 47.1% and 39.1% OCD prevalence for female and male genders respectively. However, the difference between the two genders was not statistically significant. Conclusion: It seems that females are at greater risk of OCD during the COVID-19 pandemic. In the following groups, the female gender may have acted as a risk factor: under-18 years students, hospital staff, and the studies in the Middle East. In none of the categories, male gender was clearly identified as a risk factor.
Background and Aims: Immunosuppressive therapy has a key role in developing coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19)-associated mucormycosis. In this study, we investigated the effect of the type and cumulative dose of immunosuppressive agents on COVID-19-associated mucormycosis. Methods:We designed a descriptive cross-sectional study involving three COVID-19 hospitals in Iran. Clinical and demographic data were gathered from the medical records and checked by two independent researchers to minimize errors in data collection.Results: Seventy-three patients were included in the study. The mean age of cases was 57.41 (SD = 12.64) and 43.8% were female. Among patients, 20.5% were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) during COVID-19. Furthermore, 17 patients (23.29%) had a history of diabetes mellitus. Sixty-nine patients (94.52%) had a history of receiving corticosteroids (dexamethasone) during treatment of COVID-19, and of those, five patients (6.85%) received Tocilizumab beside. The mean cumulative dose of corticosteroids prescribed was 185.22 mg (SD = 114.738). The average cumulative dosage of tocilizumab was 720 mg (SD = 178.89). All of the included patients received amphotericin B for mucormycosis treatment, and 42 survived (57.53%). Also, there was a significant relationship between hospitalization in ICU for COVID-19 and the mucormycosis outcome (p = 0.007).However, there weren't any significant associations between cumulative doses of immunosuppressive drugs and mucormycosis outcome (p = 0.52). Conclusion: The prevalence of COVID-19-associated mucormycosis is increasing and should be considered in the treatment protocols of COVID-19. Controlling risk factors such as diabetes, malignancy and the administration of immunosuppressive agents based on recommended dosage in validated guidelines are ways to prevent mucormycosis.
Background: Menopause is a physiologic phase in women’s lives. Finding regarding MS course through menopause is diverse and we designed this systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate impact of menopause on relapse rate, and disability status. Methods: PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science, google scholar were systematically searched by two independent researchers on January 1st 2023. They also evaluated conference abstracts and references of the references. Data regarding the total number of participants, first author, publication year, country of origin, disease duration, disease type, annual relapse rate, and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) before and after menopause were recorded. Results: A literature search revealed 1024 records, after deleting duplicates we had 660 records. Twenty-one full texts were evaluated, and finally four studies remained for meta-analysis. Mean ARR before menopause ranged between 0.21 and 0.37, and after menopause ranged between 0.13 and 0.08. The SMD of menopause ranged between -1.04, and -0.29, while the pooled SMD was estimated as -0.52(95% CI: -0.88, -0.15)(I2=73.6%, P=0.02). Mean EDSS before menopause ranged between 1.5 and 2, and after menopause ranged between 2 and 3.1. the SMD of EDSS ranged between 0.46, and 0.71. The pooled SMD of EDSS change estimated as 0.56(95% CI: 0.38, 0.73)(I2=0, P=0.4). Conclusion: The result of this systematic review and meta-analysis show that menopause cause a decrease in relapse rate, unlike an increase in disability status.
Background and Aims Marital relationship and its quality are among the major psychological factors affecting the multiple aspects of a person's health status. Chronic diseases are also among the factors that affect various aspects of the lives of millions of people including their marital quality status. One of the most important underlying chronic diseases is diabetes. Since the correlation between diabetes mellitus and marital quality has been neglected, this systematic review, as the first one, aims to investigate the association between marital quality and diabetes mellitus. Methods A comprehensive search was conducted among three databases (Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science) until September 2021, which resulted in 189 articles. After assessing the studies based on the inclusion criteria, 14 studies were included. Results The included studies were divided into two general groups. The first group consisted of 3 articles examining the effect of factors related to diabetes on marital quality, and the second group included 11 articles studying the effect of marital quality on diabetes and its factors. In general, the articles investigating the impact of diabetes‐related factors on marital quality showed that diabetes has negative impacts on levels of marital quality. Also, the articles investigating the impact of marital quality on diabetes‐related factors, showed that higher marital quality is associated with a lower risk of developing diabetes, a better quality of life in patients with diabetes, and better adherence to diabetes care regimen. The results regarding diabetes management were conflicting. Gender was mentioned as an important modulator in some of the investigated relationships. Conclusion Marital quality remarkably influences diabetes‐related factors and is itself affected by the condition resulting from diabetes in individuals with diabetes mellitus. However, further studies are required due to the limited number of studies investigating this correlation.
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