Background: The process of temporary accommodation after an earthquake is one of the most important issues in crisis management. Objective: This research study attempts to identify and prioritize the key risks inherent with the post-earthquake temporary accommodation process in Sanandaj, Iran using the Fuzzy Delphi method. Methods: To achieve this goal, first, we examined the previous research on the issue of temporary accommodation after earthquakes and other disasters worldwide in order to determine the current important challenges. Then, the opinions of crisis management experts in 11 areas and 94 questions in the form of Fuzzy Delphi survey questionnaire with Five-point Likert measurement scale were used to rank these challenges. The Delphi panel participants, who responded to the Fuzzy Delphi questionnaire, consisted of 18 experts related to crisis management in executive organizations of Kurdistan province. Result: After performing the steps of the fuzzy Delphi method, a basket of important risks in the temporary accommodation process were identified qualitatively and quantitatively, and were prioritized in order of relevance and significance. The results showed that climatic challenges have the highest potential of post-earthquake temporary accommodation risk in the region among of the 11 major risk areas under examination. Conclusion: The study’s findings and recommendations can serve as a policy instrument and consultative toolkit for relevant stakeholders.
In this paper, the response of buried steel pipeline subjected to the strike-slip fault displacement is studied. This study aimed to identify the seismic fault under the pipe at the intersection of large displacement (up to 3 meter fault displacement) and identify failure modes in the pipe. Innovation studies the effect of thickness ratio of the diameter of the pipe failure modes of the fault displacement. The nonlinear finite element method analysis was conducted. By using ABAQUS software, nonlinear finite element analysis was carried out on the pipeline under fault displacement. Numerical modelling aimed at obtaining the amount of displacement corresponding to the nonlinear behaviour in the pipeline, as well as identifying failure modes pipes in displacement from 0.2 to 3 meter in diameter to thickness ratio, taking into account the impact of the pipeline. The results showed the nonlinear behaviour of the displacement 57.5 cm pipeline damage starts and the displacement of 1 meter buckling occurs in pipes. The displacement of 1 meter fault, failure mode is local buckling pipe, and displacement and deformation of the pipe is 1 meter looks like the letter S. The displacement of 1.5 meter high (3 meter) failure mode tube is wrinkling. And deformation of the pipe in the fault displacement of 1.5 meter, like the letter Z. With the increase in displacement from 1.5 meter to high wrinkling occurs in pipes and up to 3 meter displacement continues. Plastic strain in the fault displacement of 80 cm in diameter to thickness ratio of 112 and 96 occurs, Plastic strain ratio of diameter to thickness of 86 does not occur. Reduction in the diameter of the thickness has a positive impact on reducing plastic strain in the pipe.
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