Background: This research studied the effect of UV light on pentachlorophenol (PCP) removal in the electro-Fenton (EF) process. Methods: PCP was used as the pollutant in this study. The effects of Fenton's reagent, i.e. hydrogen peroxide concentration, solution pH, and treatment time by EF (EF) and photoelectro-Fenton (PEF) processes, were studied to determine rates of PCP removal. The results showed that a better performance and a high removal efficiency were achieved by coupling UV radiation and the EF process. Results: EF processes required more time to remove PCP, while after a reaction time of 10 minutes, the PEF achieved a removal efficiency of 90.4%; this value is higher than the maximum efficiency of the EF process (83.44% after 40 minutes). The kinetic mechanisms of both processes were examined and compared. The rate constants at optimum conditions were 0.0455 and 0.0579 min −1 for EF and PEF processes, respectively. Conclusion: Removal efficiency was obtained in the order of PEF > EF.
The extent of increase in the convection heat transfer of MgO/water nanofluid was investigated at low concentrations within the range of 0.02 to 0.12 % vol, under turbulent flow and within the Reynolds number range of 11,000 to 49,000. It was found that at about 12 %, the heat transfer coefficient was increased compared with the base fluid, where on average, around 6 % increase was observed within the entire concentration range and the investigated Reynolds number. The aggregate effect of particles was examined in predicting the models for the determination of the physical properties of thermal conductivity and viscosity. It was observed that fractal models enjoy a greater accuracy when compared with other models. In addition, a model was proposed to predict the local heat transfer coefficient, in which the aggregate effect of nanoparticles was also investigated. It was observed that the relative average deviation of the proposed model is around 2.5 %, when compared with experimental values.
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