Aptides are considered to be a potent candidate for biopharmaceutical applications. They can be modified with imaging or therapeutic agents. This report shows the capability of 99mTc-HYNIC-APTEDB for human EDB-expressing tumours detection.
Radiotherapy (RT) is a unique modality in cancer treatment with no replacement in many cases and uses a tumoricidal dose of various ionizing radiation types to kill cancer cells. It causes oxidative stress through reactive oxygen species (ROS) production or the destruction of antioxidant systems. On the other hand, RT stimulates the immune system both directly and indirectly by releasing danger signals from stress-exposed and dying cells. Oxidative stress and inflammation are two reciprocal and closely related mechanisms, one induced and involved by the other. ROS regulates the intracellular signal transduction pathways, which participate in the activation and expression of pro-inflammatory genes. Reciprocally, inflammatory cells release ROS and immune system mediators during the inflammation process, which drive the induction of oxidative stress. Oxidative stress or inflammation-induced damages can result in cell death (CD) or survival mechanisms that may be destructive for normal cells or beneficial for cancerous cells. The present study has focused on the radioprotection of those agents with binary effects of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms in ionizing radiation (IR)-induced CD.
Receptors and proteins are overexpressed in many human cancer cell membranes rather than normal tissues and are considered as the main molecular targets. Specific tumor-targeting molecules which have high affinity for these receptors can be valuable tools as carrier molecules for targeted cancer therapy and imaging. Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of diagnostic and therapeutic agents are very important. Poor selectivity of cancer therapeutic agents causes toxicity on normal cells that limits maximum effective dose. The Attachment of these agents to macromolecules or their installation on carriers is currently under investigation. This article presents recent developments in the field of targeting agents and introduces different carriers and their applications in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer.
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