The aim of this study was to evaluate the pattern of local immune cell infiltration in human cystic echinococcosis (CE) by identifying the subtypes of immune cells using immunohistochemistry (IHC). Fifty surgically removed hydatid cyst samples and surrounding tissues were collected from patients referred to Al-Zahra Hospital, Isfahan, Iran. IHC was performed on the surrounding host tissue of hydatid cysts using anti-human CD3, CD19, CD8, CD4, CD68, CD56, Ki-67 and Foxp3 (forkhead box P3) antibodies. The results were then compared to hepatocellular carcinoma and chronic hepatitis. In the host-tissue reaction site of liver hydatid cysts, a distinct pattern of local immune cell response, which outwardly consisted of a pack of the fibrous elements, a layer of palisading macrophages, an eosinophil-containing layer and a layer of accumulated lymphocytes, was observed. However, in some cases there were no positive cells for CD56+ natural killer cells and Foxp3+ regulatory T cells. The CD3+ T cells were the predominant inflammatory cells in all groups, followed by CD19+ B cells. It can be concluded that different immune cells are involved in the local response to human hydatid cysts.

IntroductionPenetrating thoracoabdominal injuries are potentially life threatening due to the associated hemorrhagic shock and visceral injury. Through and through penetrating injury with polytrauma is rarely encountered.Case PresentationHere we report on a 25-year-old male with penetrating thoracoabdominal injury caused by a metallic (iron) bar projecting from a pillar of a construction site after he fell down from a height.ConclusionsAnesthetic and surgical management was difficult due to the inability to position in supine and rapidly progressing hemorrhagic shock. Surgical management for extraction of this iron bar and intensive monitoring and resuscitation resulted in an uneventful successful outcome.

In RT-qPCR, accuracy requires multiple levels of standardization, but results could be obfuscated by human errors and technical limitations. Data normalization against suitable reference genes is critical, yet their observed expression can be confounded by pseudogenes. Eight reference genes were selected based on literature review and analysis of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) microarray data. RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis were followed by RT-qPCR amplification in triplicate with exon-junction or intron-spanning primers. Several statistical analyses were applied using Microsoft Excel, NormFinder, and BestKeeper. In normal tissues, the least correlation of variation (CqCV%) and the lowest maximum fold change (MFC) were respectively recorded for PYCR1 and SYMPK. In PTC tissues, SYMPK had the lowest CqCV% (5.16%) and MFC (1.17). According to NormFinder, the best reference combination was SYMPK and ACTB (stability value = 0.209). BestKeeper suggested SYMPK as the best reference in both normal (r = 0.969) and PTC tissues (r = 0.958). SYMPK is suggested as the best reference gene for overcoming the pseudogene problem in RT-qPCR data normalization, with a stability value of 0.319.

INTRODUCTION: Teaching is one of the most important needs of human societies, and selecting the best method of teaching is so important to improve the teaching as well as learning of students. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of case-based teaching (CBT) and flipped classroom methods in comparison with lecture method on students’ learning and satisfaction at internship of Department of General Surgery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This experimental study was performed on fifty medical surgery internship students in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences in 2017. Students were randomly divided into two groups of control group and intervention group. The data were collected by a posttest after holding every class and a researcher-made form for evaluating students’ satisfaction after the end of the project. The results of this study were analyzed by SPSS 21 software using descriptive statistical methods (mean and standard deviation) and paired t -test. RESULTS: The comparison of the mean posttest scores in the three classes showed that the mean scores of the students in the intervention group in the first and second sessions unlike the third session were higher than that in the control group; this difference was statistically significant in the first session ( P = 005) and the third session ( P = 0.002). Students’ satisfaction with case-based learning method (4.03 ± 0.87) was higher than that of lecture method (2.88 ± 0.78). CONCLUSION: In CBT and flipped classroom, students’ learning and the quality of teaching were improved. In addition, students were more satisfied with this method in comparison with the lecture method. However, it should be noted that the success of using this teaching method depends on choosing the appropriate subject.

In this study, we showed the effectiveness of gastroileostomy treatment to decrease body weight and plasma glucose with increased GLP-1 in rats. This small rat model suggests the potential of this surgery to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus.