Background and aims: The purpose of this quasi-experimental pretest-posttest study was to determine the effectiveness of reflexology on self-reported back pain compared to placebo (massage) and control among cricketers. Methods: The volunteer participants consisted of 45 male cricket players who had been training at least for three years with a mean age of 18.481±2.32 years, mean body mass of 64.31±7.65, mean height of 174±5.39 cm, and a mean body mass index of 21.07± 1.97 kg/m². Cricketers were trained at Chandigarh and Mohali (India) cricket stadiums and participated in Interstate competition 2017. Cricketers were randomly assigned to reflexology, placebo, and control treatment groups. The reflexology group received topical pressure applied to their feet using a specific reflex area believed to have an effect on back pain. In addition, the placebo group received a foot massage avoiding reflexology area and control group received back pain information. Pre- and post-treatment interviews were conducted after one week (7 sessions). Each treatment was administered for 15 minutes as well. To determine the degree of the effect of reflexology on back pain, multiple regressions, and the factorial ANOVA and ANCOVA were used to analyze the hypotheses. Results: Both reflexology (P<0.001) and massage (P<0.001) treatments resulted in reducing the pain compared to providing back pain information, and there were significant differences between the reflexology and placebo groups (P<0.001). Finally, the results indicated that reflexology may have a positive effect on back pain. Conclusion: Overall, foot reflexology, as an avenue for human touch, can be performed anywhere, requires no special equipment, is noninvasive, and does not interfere with patients’ privacy. However, an adequately powered trial is required before any more definitive pronouncements are possible.
The purpose of this study was to determine the relationships between stroke rate, stroke length and velocity in each 10 m distance in 100-m freestyle competitive in order to compare male and female swimmers' results and assess their relationships with anthropometric characteristics. Sixteen male and six female of Chandigarh's elite swimmers were tested during competition. Each of the 22 subjects swam and biomechanical factors were recorded with video camera and stopwatch at 10 m distances. Correlations showed that there was signifi cant relation between SR (stroke rate), SL (stroke length) and V (velocity) in each 10 m distance. Correlations existed between SR, SL, V and any anthropometric characteristics between males and females in each 10 m distance. There were no signifi cant correlations in SR and SL between males and females but velocity showed signifi cant correlation in each 10 m distance.
Older adults demonstrate increased amounts of postural sway, which may ultimately lead to falls. The purpose of this systematic review was to investigate the effect of different foot orthoses on lower limb biomechanical variables, lower limb muscular activity, and balance in elderly people. Examining texts based on the search on the Magiran, Google Schoolar, Pubmed, Scopus, and SIVILICA sites were done by using following keywords: foot orthoses, footwear, aging, aged, elderly, Kinematic, walking, loading rate, Kinetic Walking, in combination in four part from 2005 to 2018. In the initial searches, 72 papers were obtained, eight articles based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected. This systematic review demonstrated that the use of textures and modeling orthoses strengthens sensory receptors and improves postures, as well as improves the biomechanical parameters such as evertor and invertor moments and ground reaction forces in some cases.
Background: The link between Frequency domain analysis of ground reaction forces and hearing loss and blind during walking is not well understood. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate frequency domain analysis of ground reaction forces in deaf and blind people during walking. Methods: This study was quasi-experimental. The volunteer participants in current study consisted of thirty male that, were divided into three equal groups: blind, deaf and healthy (control) groups. Frequency Domain analysis of ground reaction forces in three groups was recorded by a foot scan system (sample rate: 300 Hz). The multivariate ANOVA test was used to compare between groups. The significance level was set at p < 0.05 for all analyses. Results: The results showed that, the frequency content with the power 99.5% in the vertical component of ground reaction forces in both deaf (p=0.020) and blind (p=0.021) groups reduced vs. control group. Also, frequency content with the power 99.5% in the Mid-foot in deaf (p=0.020) group was more than the blind group (p=0.036). Conclusion: The present study showed that the frequency content with the power 99.5% in the Mid-foot in deaf group was more than the blind group. It can be stated that the frequency domain analysis of ground reaction forces has the clinical value. Therefore, the use of therapeutic interventions to improve the frequency domain analysis of ground reaction forces in deaf and blind people is suggested.
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