Traditional malls are as popular as the modern malls in Kuwait. In this study, the authors examine the shopping orientation and patronage of mall shoppers in Kuwait. A sample of about 2,500 consumers was surveyed and the survey was focused on the factors that influence shopping behaviour. The result of the study shows that females and younger respondents tend to favor modern shopping malls over traditional malls. Mall preference was based on the availability of different shops followed by nice environment. Advertising was found to be the major influence in selecting products and services, while the importance of family, peers, and friends came second followed by price. In Kuwait, most people shop for quality and value rather than price.

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The Middle East / North Africa (MENA) region faces serious food insecurity, with an increasing gap between food production and consumption. Using resource advantage theory from macromarketing, we demonstrate that the agriculture / agribusiness industry would be highly competitive with economic integration of the Nile Valley (Egypt and Sudan) with the Arab Gulf countries. Individually, these sub-regions have critical disadvantages, but as a bloc, complementary strengths could make the industry quite competitive. Of course, integration within MENA has been discussed for decades, although usually as a political concept, which is unlikely to succeed in the foreseeable future. From a macromarketing perspective, economic integration is quite viable, and very beneficial to food security in the region.