Contract relationships in construction projects in Egypt have become increasingly strained in recent years. Working relationships, communications, and contractual commitments are often not carried out in good faith. Hence, adversarial approaches to public and private sectors of the construction industry in Egypt generate a substantial increase in the use of binding arbitration and the judicial system for the settlement of contractual disagreements. In this research, a survey questionnaire was designed to obtain the relative weights of the factors that influence the Dispute Resolution Strategy (DRS) Decision. Twenty six combinations of project situations were established based on ten factors, established after studying the causes of disputes with the aid of literature and unstructured interviews, which affect the DRS-Decision. Experts were asked to perform pair-wise comparisons for the ten factors and advise on the recommended resolution methodology for the different status of DRS-Decision's factors. Although negotiation is usually the first attempt to solving any dispute, it sometimes could waste time and consequently money without reaching a satisfying solution. A computer model is proposed to inform the user of whether to quit negotiation and/or any amicable solution to save time and money and resort to arbitration/litigation instead, or to stick to negotiation and/or any amicable solution as it's the only way by which the dispute could be resolved. Results obtained from the survey were utilized in the development of the computer model to provide a simple and an easy to use tool that could advise decision makers on the most appropriate dispute resolution strategy that would mostly succeed; save time and money. A case study is presented to validate the computer model and demonstrate its use. Santrauka Statybos dalyvių santykiai statybos projektuose pastaruoju metu tampa labai įtempti. Dažnai darbiniai santykiai, komunikacija ir sutartiniai įsipareigojimai nėra vykdomi sąžiningai. Todėl priešiški požiūriai į statybos pramonės viešąjį ir privatųjį sektorius Egipte sukelia reikšmingą teisinių ginčų sistemų ir arbitražo taikymo didėjimą. Šiame tyrime, siekiant nustatyti santykinį veiksnių, lemiančių ginčų sprendimo strategijos (GSS) sprendimo santykinį reikšmingumą, buvo sudaryta tyrimo anketa. Remiantis dešimčia veiksnių, kurie daro poveikį GSS sprendimams ir buvo nustatyti remiantis literatūros bei nestruktūrizuotais pokalbiais studijuojant ginčų priežastis, buvo sudaryti dvidešimt šeši projektų situacijų deriniai. Ekspertų buvo prašoma atlikti dešimties veiksnių porinį lyginimą ir pasirinkti ginčo sprendimo metodologiją esant skirtingoms GSS sprendimų veiksnių reikšmėms. Nors derybos, kaip įprasta, yra pirmasis bandymas spręsti bet kokį ginčą, kartais tai gali būti tik laiko ir lėšų švaistymas nepasiekiant norimo rezultato. Pasiūlytas kompiuterinis modelis, kuris gali informuoti naudotoją, ar verta siekiant taupyti laiką ir pinigus nutraukti derybas ir (arba) kitą taikų procesą, vietoj to pradėti teismo arba arbitražo procesą, ar tęsti derybas ir (arba) taikų procesą kaip vienintelį būdą išspręsti ginčą. Remiantis tyrimo rezultatais buvo sukurtas paprastai naudojamas kompiuterinis modelis, kuris sprendimų priėmėjui gali patarti, kokią ginčo sprendimo strategiją reikėtų pasirinkti, kuri iš jų yra sėkmingiausia, taupo laiką ir pinigus. Siekiant parodyti kompiuterinio modelio veikimą pateikta atvejo analizė.
Sustainability is very quickly becoming a fundamental requirement of the construction industry as it delivers its projects; whether buildings or infrastructures. Throughout more than two decades, a plethora of modeling schemes, evaluation tools and rating systems have been introduced en route to realizing sustainable construction. Many of these, however, lack consensus on evaluation criteria, a robust scientific model that captures the logic behind their sustainability performance evaluation, and therefore experience discrepancies between rated results and actual performance. Moreover, very few of the evaluation tools available satisfactorily address infrastructure projects. This paper introduces a systems model that abstracts the environment, the construction product, and its production system as three interacting systems that basically exchange materials, energy and information. The model utilizes this setup to capture and quantify essential flows exchanged between such three systems, with the objective of evaluating sustainability. The paper walks through the development of a generic case of the model, and then demonstrates its utility in evaluating the sustainability performance of civil infrastructure projects using a typical water pipeline installation project that uses horizontal directional drilling (HDD) technology as a trenchless installation method. The developed model addresses an identified gap within the current body of knowledge by considering infrastructure projects. Through the ability to simulate different scenarios, the model enables identifying which activities, products, and processes impact the environment more, and hence potential areas for optimization and improvement.
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