Background: Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is the common congenital heart disease that needs medical attention to deal with disease related complications. With the advancement of transcatheter intervention closure of PDA by coil or Amplatzer devices, has become acceptable alternate to surgical ligation.
Methods: This retrospective study was conducted (from January 2014 to December 2016) and data were collected from records of Pediatric cardiology department of BSMMU. Fifty children were included in the study. All the cases were assesed with 2D echocardiography, Color Doppler echocardiography (CDE) and angiography and underwent device closure. Estimation of PDA size were done with 2D, color doppler and angoigraphically and were compared and analysed statistically.
Results: Out of 50 cases, ages ranged from 10 months to 28 years with a mean age of 5.75 ± 5.33 years. The mean weight was 16.3 ± 10.58 Kg with a range of 5.5 Kg to 54 kg and sex distribution was 16 males and 34 females. Visualization of the patent ductus arteriosus was achieved from short-axis and suprasternal-axis views in all children with CDE. The mean diameter of pulmonary end of patent ductus arteriosus was 3.45 ± 0.96 millimetre with a range from 1.45 to 6.20 millimetres in CDE. The mean diameter of aortic end of PDA 4.64±1.30 with a range of 2.50 to 9.50 in 2D and CDE respectively. The mean angiographic measurement of aortic end of PDA was 5.35±1.42 with a range of 2.60 to 10. Both 2D echo and CDE correlated significantly (p value <.0.001) with angiographic measurement at both pulmonary and aortic ends. The pearson correlation coefficient for 2D echo and CDE are 0.967 and 0.973 respectively at pulmonary end indicating that CDE correlates marginally better than 2D echo with angiographic measurements at the pulmonary end. Similarly at the aortic end (ampulla), the Pearson correlation coefficient for 2D echo and CDE are 0.955 and 0.966 respectively indicating that both correlates with angiography but CDE is better correlates.
Conclusion: We may conclude that it is almost always possible to measure the dimensions of the patent ductus arteriosus with colour Doppler echocardiography. But we should keep in mind color doppler echocardiographic measurement overestimates the angiographic measurement of the pulmonary side of the patent ductus arteriosus and underestimates its aortic side, which should be considered for the measurement of the size of the patent ductus arteriosus.
Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2019; 45: 11-16
Takayasu arteritis (TA), also known as idiopathic medial aortopathy or pulseless disease, is a granulomatous large vessel vasculitis that predominantly affects the aorta and its major branches. It may also affect the pulmonary arteries. The exact cause is not well known but the pathology is thought to be similar to giant cell arteritis. There is segmental and patch granulomatous inflammation of the aorta which results in stenosis, thrombosis and aneurysm formation. Half of the patients present with an initial systemic illness whereas the other 50% present with late-phase complications. There is a strong female predominance (F: M ~ 9:1), an increased prevalence in Asian populations, and it tends to affect younger patients (<50 years of age). The typical age of onset is at around 15-30 years of age. Here, it is reported a case of 9 years old girl with Takayasu’s arteritis.
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