The arrival of Islam in Ranau district has brought about significant effects on the variety of religious lives led by the local people, specifically the Kadazandusun society. The Kadazandusun people who accepted Islam as a way of life uses Arabic due to a reciprocative relationship among Islam, the Arabic language and the local cultures. This study attempted to determine the position of the Arabic language among the muslim Kadazandusun through an investigation of the reciprocative relationship of the three factors mentioned previously on the use of Arabic language. The first objective of the study is to identify the purposes of using Arabic in the daily life of the muslim Kadazandusun people. In addition to that, the second objective is to discern the perceptions of the muslim Kadazandusun people on the use of Arabic. The quantitative study utilised a survey questionnaire as a data collection instrument, and the data were analysed descriptively using frequency and percentages. Data collection was based on random sampling involving 392 respondents among the muslim Kadazandusun in Ranau, which comprised people of various backgrounds. Findings reveal that Arabic is solely used for religious purpose and not in daily communication, and the perception of the people on Arabic is very favourable. It is recommended that future studies be conducted to understand how Arabic language learning modules for religious purposes can be improved by taking into account suggestions from the local Kadazandusun society.
The purpose of this paper is to help in term of providing a better understanding on training and development in human management amongst the researchers on this field. Training and development should be the important aspect increase the workers potential in the organisations. The lack of training and development will give a negative impact in the organisations such as inefficiency, deviation, misconduct, and bribery act freely amongst workers. The aim of this study is realized by profiling existing literature to understand the determinants of training and development in human management, research trends, theories, and future research opportunities. A comprehensive search was initiated on Google Scholar, Scopus, Emerald Insight, JSTOR, and ProQuest. Final inclusion criteria were systematic reviews on training and development in human management. Articles were screened in three components by the title, abstract and full text. Data was abstracted by identifying general information, outcome, conclusions, and recommendations of each reviewed paper. After cautiously and carefully examining the extant literature and by utilizing these relevant academic-based research databases, a total of 100 papers published in peer-reviewed journals over the last decade were reviewed and analysed using well-established systematic review methodology. In the initial search, 158 potential reviews were identified. After removing same papers, 97 articles were excluded by screening the title or abstract. After a full text review of each article, 47 papers were included in the final synthesis. The adopted systematic review revealed that there are limited contributions in understanding training and development in human management. The review provides several venue for future research including training and development concepts, models, forms, contents, and evaluations aspect at different levels.
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