The phishing attack is one of the main cybersecurity threats in web phishing and spear phishing. Phishing websites continue to be a problem. One of the main contributions to our study was working and extracting the URL & Domain Identity feature, Abnormal Features, HTML and JavaScript Features, and Domain Features as semantic features to detect phishing websites, which makes the process of classification using those semantic features, more controllable and more effective. The current study used machine learning model algorithms to detect phishing websites, and comparisons were made. We have used 16 machine learning models adopted with 10 semantic features that represent the most effective features for the detection of phishing webpages extracted from two datasets. The GradientBoostingClassifier and RandomForestClassifier had the best accuracy based on the comparison results (i.e., about 97%). In contrast, GaussianNB and the stochastic gradient descent (SGD) classifier represent the lowest accuracy results; 84% and 81% respectively, in comparison with other classifiers.
In this paper, a new one parameter family of iterative methods with eighth-order of convergence for solving nonlinear equations is presented and analyzed. This new family of iterative methods is obtained by composing an iterative method proposed by Chun [3] with Newton's method and approximating the first-appeared derivative in the last step by a combination of already evaluated function values. The proposed family is optimal since its efficiency index is 8 1/4 ≈ 1.6818. The convergence analysis of the new family is studied in this paper. Several numerical examples are presented to illustrate the efficiency and accuracy of the family.
This article investigates a non-equilibrium chaotic system in view of commensurate and incommensurate fractional orders and with only one signum function. By varying some values of the fractional-order derivative together with some parameter values of the proposed system, different dynamical behaviors of the system are explored and discussed via several numerical simulations. This system displays complex hidden dynamics such as inversion property, chaotic bursting oscillation, multistabilty, and coexisting attractors. Besides, by means of adapting certain controlled constants, it is shown that this system possesses a three-variable offset boosting system. In conformity with the performed simulations, it also turns out that the resultant hidden attractors can be distributively ordered in a grid of three dimensions, a lattice of two dimensions, a line of one dimension, and even arbitrariness in the phase space. Through considering the Caputo fractional-order operator in all performed simulations, phase portraits in two- and three-dimensional projections, Lyapunov exponents, and the bifurcation diagrams are numerically reported in this work as beneficial exit results.
At present, the multistability analysis in discrete nonlinear fractional-order systems is a subject that is receiving a lot of attention. In this article, a new discrete non-equilibrium point memristor-based map with $\gamma-th$ Caputo fractional difference is introduced. In addition, in the context of the commensurate and non-commensurate instances, the non-linear dynamics of the suggested discrete fractional map, such as its multistability, hidden chaotic attractor, and hidden hyperchaotic attractor, are investigated through several numerical techniques, including Lyapunov exponents, phase attractors, bifurcation diagrams, and the $0–1$ test. This dynamic behaviors suggests that the fractional discrete memristive map has a hidden multistability. Finally, to validate the presence of chaos, a complexity analysis is carried out using approximation entropy ($ApEn$) and the $C_0$ measure. The findings show that the model has a high degree of complexity, which is affected by the system parameters and the fractional values.
In this paper, fractional complex transform (FCT) with help of variational iteration method (VIM) is used to obtain numerical and analytical solutions for the fractional Zakharov-Kuznetsov equations. Fractional complex transform (FCT) is proposed to convert fractional Zakharov-Kuznetsov equations to its differential partner and then applied VIM to the new obtained equations. Several examples are given and the results are compared to exact solutions. The results reveal that the method is very effective and simple.
A.P. Stakhov in [12] proposed the concepts golden matrices and new kind of cryptography. In this paper, we propose a new kind of digital signature scheme based on factoring problem and the golden matrices, called the golden digital signature. The method is very fast and simple for technical realization and can be used for signature protection of digital signals (telecommunication and measurement system).
In this paper, a new two-dimensional fractional discrete rational map with γth-Caputo fractional difference operator is introduced. The study of the presence and stability of the equilibrium points shows that there are four types of equilibrium points; no equilibrium point, a line of equilibrium points, one equilibrium point and two equilibrium points. In addition, in the context of the commensurate and incommensurate instances, the nonlinear dynamics of the suggested fractional discrete map in different cases of equilibrium points are investigated through several numerical techniques including Lyapunov exponents, phase attractors and bifurcation diagrams. These dynamic behaviors suggest that the fractional discrete rational map has both hidden and self-excited attractors, which have rarely been described in the literature. Finally, to validate the presence of chaos, a complexity analysis is carried out using approximation entropy (ApEn) and the C0-measure.
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