The new grading of pterygium fibrovascular redness can be reliably measured from digital images and showed a good correlation with CSF and VA. The redness grading can be used in addition to the existing pterygium grading.
Introduction: Different polymers used in artificial tear formulations influence their physical properties, such as viscosity and pH, hence affecting their bioavailability. There is limited data available from manufacturers specifying the physical properties of artificial tears, even though these data can contribute to their efficacyand effectiveness. Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate 18 artificial tears available in the Malaysian market based on their physical properties. Methodology: Viscosity and pH of 18 artificial tears were evaluated using rheometer and compact pH-meter, respectively, at standard room temperature (25°C). The amount of fluid used for both tests of each artificial tear was standardised using micropipette. The Kruskal-Wallis test was employed to compare the viscosity median between the three groups (low, medium, and high viscosity) of artificial tears, while the independent t-test was used to compare the pH between preservative and non-preservative artificial tears. A p-value of 0.05 was set as the level of significance. Results: The mean viscosity for all 18 artificial tears was 12.05 cP ± 10.21 within a range of 0.55 cP to 34.49 cP. There was a significant difference observed in viscosity between low- (n = 7), median- (n = 8), and high- (n = 3) viscosity groups, χ2(2) = 14.474, p = 0.001. The mean pH for all 18 artificial tears was 7.21 ± 0.43, with a range of 6.19 to 7.85. pH for preservative artificial tears was slightly alkaline compared to non-preservative artificial tears (7.26 ± 0.47 vs 7.14 ± 0.38, respectively). Conclusion: Rheological findings indicated that different formulations of artificial tears have different viscosities, with most artificial tears falling within the recommended values. There was no difference in terms of pH between preservative and non-preservative artificial tears.
Information obtained from redness grading can assist clinician for diagnosis and in making clinical decision. This research work aims to mimic human perception of fibrovascular redness using features extracted from color entropy.Gaussian process regression with the radial basis function kernel has been employed to fuse relevant features and established the model of redness perception. In this paper, we present the results of the radial basis function kernel incorporated as the covariance function in the GPR as the scale, sigma is varied. © 2014 IEEE. Indexed keywords
Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the short-term efficacy of artificial tears (AT) instillation on tear film quality and quantity utilising two dual polymer artificial tears; Systane Hydration preservative (SH) and non-preservative (SHUD) in 60 minutes observation period compared to normal saline. Materials and methods: One hundred eyes of 50 participants involved in this prospective, double-masked randomised study. Viscosity and pH of both AT were evaluated using Rheometer and digital pH-meter respectively prior to tear film characteristics assessment. Tear break-up time (TBUT) and tear meniscus height (TMH) were measured at baseline, 5, 15 and 60 minutes after instillation. Tear ferning pattern (TFP) were compared between baseline and 60 minutes after instillation. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to evaluate the effects of both AT instillation. Independent T-test was employed to compare between the two groups (SH vs SHUD) for each specific time-interval. P-value of 0.05 was set as the level of significance. Results: The viscosity of SH and SHUD was 0.0267Pa.s and 0.03273Pa.s respectively with pH of 7.85 for SH and 7.74 for SHUD. Both AT showed significant increment in TBUT between baseline and 15 minutes (SH: 5.82 ± 1.063, p = 0.01; SHUD: 6.02 ± 0.979, p<0.001), and 60 minutes (SH: 6.22 ± 0.616, p<0.001; SHUD: 6.34 ± 0.658, p<0.001). SHUD demonstrated significant increment in TMH at every measurement taken (0.1996 ± 0.02449, p<0.001 at 5min, 0.2038 ± 0.02276, p<0.001 at 15min and 0.2068 ± 0.02094, p<0.001 at 60min). Likewise, in SH group, significant increment in TMH at 15 minutes (0.1994 ± 0.02325, p < 0.001) and 60 minutes (0.2012±0.02379, p<0.001) were noted. With regards to TFP, both groups revealed improvement in TF grading (both, p<0.001) at 60 minutes. No significant improvement was noted in control group. Conclusion: Both SH and SHUD improved tear film characteristics at 60 minutes following instillation. However, SHUD is more effective as faster improvements were noted in all intended parameters.
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