Removal of endocrine disrupting compound (viz., bisphenol A, BPA) by laboratoryfabricated hollow fiber polyethersulfone (PES) nanofiltration (NF) membranes have been investigated. The tailor made charged PES hollow fiber NF membranes have been developed by blending negatively charged surface modifying macromolecule (cSMM). It is resulted more than 90% removal of BPA, mainly due to negatively charged properties of the membrane and the negatively charged solute under the influence of higher pH feed water matrix. The PES hollow fiber modified by blending cSMM is associated with sulfonic groups, confirmed by energy dispersive X-ray and Fourier transform infrared analysis. The blending of cSMM has successfully modified PES hollow fiber which is resulted twice better removal of BPA compared to the unmodified PES.

The objective of the present study was to determine the total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and antioxidant properties, i.e. 2,

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Exposure to prenatal stress is associated with impaired reproductive function in male rat offspring. Honey is traditionally used by the Malays for enhancement of fertility. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of honey on reproductive system of male rat offspring exposed to prenatal restraint stress. Dams were divided into four groups (n = 10/group): control, honey, stress and honey + stress groups. Dams from honey and honey + stress groups received oral honey (1.2 g kg(-1) body weight) daily from day 1 of pregnancy, meanwhile dams from stress and honey + stress groups were subjected to restraint stress (three times per day) from day 11 of pregnancy until delivery. At 10 weeks old, each male rat offspring was mated with a regular oestrus cycle female. Male sexual behaviour and reproductive performance were evaluated. Then, male rats were euthanised for assessment on reproductive parameters. Honey supplementation during prenatal restraint stress significantly increased testis and epididymis weights as well as improved the percentages of abnormal spermatozoa and sperm motility in male rat offspring. In conclusion, this study might suggest that supplementation of honey during pregnancy seems to reduce the adverse effects of restraint stress on reproductive organs weight and sperm parameters in male rat offspring.

Exposure to extreme temperature during pregnancy was associated with abnormal birth outcomes including preterm birth, low birth weight, and placental abortion. Bee bread is a natural product created by bees that is highly nutritional and was recommended for human consumption as a source of high energy and protein. Hence, this study aims to determine the effect of bee bread on pregnancy outcomes and the reproductive system of the ovary and uterus in rats exposed to heat stress.