Nowadays the world has experiencing global warming due to excessive energy release into atmospheres. Today, a lot of research being conducted on ways to recover or reused the energy losses. An experimental investigation has been carried out to identify the most suitable cooling system techniques to achieve a stable and sustainable power output. Four types of Thermoelectric Module (TEM) was fitted and tested on different cooling system techniques. Testing was conducted using a candle flame as a heat source to produce a suitable temperature with the maximum temperature of 200°C. An electronic circuit is used to provide a constant and sufficient power. The use of suitable cooling system and TEM was found by investigating the module parameters such as the temperature different of hot to cold side, number of thermo elements and internal resistance. This research contributes an important role in saving energy and reducing the dependency to primary energy sources (AC power or battery)
This paper presents a comparative performance of the antennas fabricated using bulk micromachining and surface micromachining process. The dielectric permittivity of crystal silicon (Si) and glass are ɛ<sub>r</sub> = 11.9 and ɛ<sub>r</sub> = 4.7, respectively are considered in the substrates comparison studied. The research aims to discover the best antenna performance by alternative micromachining modes for integrating with the RF harvester printed circuit design. Here, the study on micromachining process method involves the simulation study of three different structures and materials, such as Si with air gap, Si surface and glass surface based antenna. These antennas have been modelled using CST-MWS software. The micromachined antennas have been optimized operating at 5 GHz band. The parameters such as S-parameter, -10 dB bandwidth, radiation pattern, gain, directivity and VSWR are evaluated. The outcomes validate good characteristic of glass based surface micromachined antenna over the Si based for both bulk micromachined and surface micromachined antenna. The results show that the Si surface micromachined antenna is not able to reach the requirement for RF antenna specification, however, it is improved by creating the air cavity. Furthermore, the use of glass substrate has increased the antenna gain by 5.34% and the -10 dB bandwidth increased by 72.86% compared to the Si with air cavity. The glass based antenna dimension is reduced by 9.09% and 44.93% compared to Si bulk micromachined and Si surface micromachined antenna, respectively. Thus, the characteristics of the glass surface micromachined antenna are relatively appropriate for highly efficient RF energy harvester application
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