Nowadays, train is one of an effective transportation in Malaysia. Commuter started the operation at Central Region had extended the operation at Northern Region in 2015.Since the volume of passengers were increasing every year, it caused railway track need to be maintenance frequently due to the displacement of concrete sleeper on railway track. According KTMB representative, the displacement happened depend on the soil condition. However, this study figured out the structural displacement concrete sleeper under different of soil condition. A site investigation had been carried out along railway track from Butterworth to Alor Setar. In this study had selected Pinang Tunggal the subsoil condition silty sand in category which displacement 7.40mm and Kobah the subsoil condition under soft clay, the displacement 0.15mm accordingly. The tools that had been used in this site investigation such as vibrator machine and piezometer. The captured records transferred to software called as Dewesoft to measure the displacement of concrete sleeper. From the result had been plotted on the graph showed sandy silt had shown the highest displacement compared with the soil condition soft clay. Therefore, the roof cause of displacement of concrete sleeper at railway track may cause the water table in the subsoil. This study would assist the authority to plan the maintenance on railway track.
Corbels appearance in precast beam-column joints has a significant impact on the behaviour of the transition zone at the end of the beam which could help in delaying the yielding of the top reinforcement bars and increase the stiffness of the joint. The presence of corbels also released the development of unnecessary strain at the top of the internal reinforcement bars. Hence, the main objective of this paper is to access the emulative approach for beam-column joints with corbels in terms of structural behaviour for any seismic action through experimental work. Comparison of the experimental hysteresis loops (load versus displacement) and seismic performance for the three types of joints were made. Three full-scale sub-assemblages of corner, exterior and interior precast beam-column joints with corbel were designed using BS8110 Code of Practice. These three specimens were constructed and tested in a heavy structural laboratory under in-plane lateral cyclic loading. The corner, exterior and interior beam-column joints were tested starting from ±0.01% until 1.35% drift, ±1.00% drift and ±1.15% drift, respectively. This study found that the existence of corbels in precast joints can delay the yielding of the top reinforcement bars and increase the stiffness of the joint. However, the experimental result has proved that the corbel for corner beam-column joint was the weakest point of the joint based on the crack damaged at the corbel. On the other hand, the experimental work found that precast beam-column corner joint specimen exhibited 21.5% more ductile behaviour as compared to other two specimens. However, the ductility values for all specimens were recorded at less than 3, indicating that precast beam-column joint specimens were not able to take moderate to strong earthquake excitation.
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