The main objective of aerospace industry is to produce all electric aircraft (AEA) equipped by electrical devices in coming developments. Electrical machines that provide higher torque densities are gaining more interest for researchers to obtain sustainable direct-drive electrical propulsion system for aircraft applications. In addition to lesser weight and higher torque density, a machine should be “fault tolerant” to applied in aerospace applications. A novel machine for high starting torque, identified as flux switching machine (FSM) was established over the last decade. FSMs comprise all effective sources on stator including robust rotor structure. These machines exhibited higher “torque-to-weight ratios” and reliability. Nonetheless, the challenge of developing a machine suitable for aircraft applications goes far beyond electromagnetic design and much deeper into the field of mechanical systems than traditional ones. Thus, a new double stator (DS) hybrid excitation (HE) FSM design employing segmented rotor is proposed and analyzed in this research work. The suggested design for DS HE-FSM comprises of six field excitation coils (FECs) and six permanent magnets (PMs) as their excitation sources. In this research, investigation of DS HE-FSM is accomplished with respect to flux linkage, back EMF, cogging torque and torque analysis based on 2D FEA.
Using cutting fluids in machining with petroleum-based creates health hazards issues to the machining operator and environmental problems due to the waste. One effort to reduce it is by applying minimum quantity lubrication (MQL). This research aims to develop an MQL system with an Arduino controlled based on the previous design. The main hardware was changed, i.e., pump, power supply, nozzle, sensor, and temperature setting changed from 70°C to 150°C. The fluid consumption was measured in machining with a depth of cut of 2.3 mm and 2.5 mm and cutting liquid composition of 3:7 and 7:3 (water to dromus cutting fluid). The calculation showed that cutting fluid consumption is mostly more than 1000 ml/h, or it has not achieved a maximum of 500 ml/h. However, compared to the previous design, it has reduced up to half of the former scenario. From the tool deterioration perspective, the depth of cut of more than 2.0 mm results in severe tool deterioration in the form of chipping. The higher the depth of cut, the intense the tool deteriorated. For the next design, we should add an air compressor in the MQL system and solenoid(s) to regulate the spraying.
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