Competency is defined as a counsellor"s efficiency in guiding trainees in terms of knowledge, skills and attitude. This research was conducted to achieve the main objective, which is to explore the competency of Malaysian counsellors in the aspects of knowledge, skills and attitude. To obtain information, the researcher used in -depth interview method through the purposive sampling technique. This research included 15 participants who were made up of registered counsellors and have experience in conducting counselling sessions involving gay and lesbian clients. The data was analysed by studying the transcriptions of interview recordings and identifying the themes that emerged based on the research objectives. The obtained results show (i) knowledge and understanding of gay and lesbian people (ii) information regarding gays and lesbians (iii) application of definitions @ terms (iv) basic counselling skills (v) communication skills (vi) openness attitude (vii) unconditional acceptance attitude. It is hoped that the results of this research would provide guidance for counsellors, especially for counselling involving gays and lesbians. To conclude, researches such as this are further widened and deepened with regards to identifying specific handling methods and guidelines for counselling of gay and lesbian people and in turn, become a source of references for other counsellors.
Sarcasm Language Communication in Seloka Pandir and Pak Kaduk ABSTRACT The creative work of traditional Malay poetry is recording the story of a life filled with examples. Traditional Malay poetry serves as the main communication tool used by the ancestors until now. Among the poems involved are seloka; its original function was created to provide entertainment to society by raising certain icons as references. This study focuses on the role of seloka as a tool of personal communication and criticism with the concept of teaching to the imaginary. Among the seloka used as a reference are Seloka Pak Kaduk and Pak Pandir. Library methods and research materials such as articles, books, magazines and theses are used as the basis for this study. The objective of the study is to analyze the communication process in seloka. In addition, this study examines the wisdom of the community to communicate. The theory underlying this study is the SPEAKING framework by Dell Hymes. This theory aims to look at the types of satire found in the two ditches. The findings showed that the method of communication for smooth gentle satire is one of the identities of the Malay community in disseminating criticism among them. Seloka brings a good impact on the communication innovation process in the Malay community in producing a nation that has good social behaviour. Keywords: Seloka, sarcasm, Pak Pandir, Pak Kaduk, SPEAKING framework.
Myths and legends are the folk processes foregrounded in the past with their own interpretation on the universe and the creatures in it and apparently considered as the truth by the storyteller or its followers. The text Sulalatus Salatin excellently written by A. Samad Ahmad has now becoming the heritage of Malay supremacy. It is loaded with grandeur narrative elements of the fantasy to the realm of reality. Thus, this study examines the elements of historiography (the origin), symbolism, humanities and the majesty of figure through a metaphorical prose role particularly in researching the life hierarchy of the ruler and its people. This thorough study is conducted on the elements of plot, setting and unique character driven as the implicit narrative element, sarcasm, advice and the metaphorical to significantly prove such delivery style of philosophy. Myths and legends were addressed through various elements indicating the glory thoughts of the Malay author in conveying messages courteously and implicitly. Based on the results of this study, it was found that text Sulalatus Salatin has not only acted as Malay historical discourse alone, but each element presented implicitly contains high philosophical value of culture, religion and civilisation of the Malay race and reflects the high-end thinking credibility of the Malays. In addition, the metaphorical techniques used by the author in telling the story exhibits a style that is not easily comprehended on the surface, but encourages the readers to further analyse it in a real context. Hence, it is evident that Salatin Sulalatus previously seen from the lenses of myths and legends actually withholds a golden treasure of Malay thoughts in upholding its race.
Lirik lagu merupakan salah satu manifestasi sastera yang mencerminkan ketinggian nilai budaya masyarakat pendukungnya. Lirik dan irama lagu semestinya nusa yang berpisah tiada dan menjadi hiburan dalam kehidupan manusia. Menerusi lirik lagu ia bukan hanya sekadar mengulit halwa telinga dan memberi hiburan semata-mata, malah dalam seni kata lagu juga terkandung dengan nilai, moral dan pengajaran yang mampu memberi didikan dalam membentuk keperibadian seseorang. Kepelbagaian genre dan bait lagu yang terhasil menunjukkan variasi kebudayaan daripada pengkarya yang menunjukkan kreadiliti keunggulan dalam sesuatu penciptaan karya. Kajian ini dilaksanakan sebagai merungkai persoalan tentang peranan lirik lagu terpilih dalam mengembleng unsur positif terhadap masyarakat pendengar. Selain itu, kajian ini juga meneliti bait-bait lirik lagu Tolong Ingatkan Aku, yang dihasil dan dinyanyikan oleh Ana Raffali sehingga diangkat mempunyai nilai komersial kerana telah dijulang sebagai juara lagu dalam Anugerah Juara Lagu Ke-25. Kaedah kajian ini dijalankan secara kualitatif atau kepustakaan melalui penelitian bahan seperti artikel, buku, majalah dan tesis. Teori resepsi dijadikan sebagai sandaran untuk meneliti dan merungkaikan setiap bait lirik lagu ini yang merangkumi aspek gaya bahasa, teknik penulisan, unsur kesamaran, bauran kiasan dan perlambangan atau semiotik bagi membuktikan falsafah gaya penyampaian pengkarya. Hasil kajian mendapati lagu Tolong Ingatkan Aku merupakan sebuah karya berbentuk lagu puisi yang terhasil dalam penyampaian implisit sebagai memberi pesanan, sindiran halus dan nasihat terhadap kehidupan manusia agar tidak alpa tatkala berada di kemuncak kegemilangan. The lyrics of the song are one of the literary manifestations that reflect the high cultural values of its supporters. The lyrics and the rhythm of the song should not be separated tomb and become an entertainment in human life. Through the lyrics of the song it is not just about listening to the ears and providing entertainment, but also in the art of the word, the song also contains the values, morals and teachings that can provide education in shaping one's personality. The variety of genres and bytes of the resulting song reflects the cultural variation of the work that exemplifies the mastery of excellence in the creation of a work. This study was conducted to address the question of the role of selected song lyrics in shaping positive elements in the listening community. In addition, this study also examines the lyrics of the song Tolong Ingatkan Aku, which was produced and sung by Ana Raffali until it was commercially recognized for being nominated for a song of the year in the 25th Anugerah Juara Lagu. This research method is conducted qualitatively or literature review through the study of materials such as articles, books, magazines and theses. The reception theory was used as a guideline to examine and interpret every verse of the lyrics of this song, which included aspects of language style, writing techniques, ambiguity, metaphorical and symbolic or semiotic elements to prove the artist's delivery style philosophy. The result of the study found the song Tolong Ingatkan Aku is a work of poetic form that results in implicit delivery as giving orders, delicate satire and advice to human life to avoid the harp while at its peak.
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