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Flexible online programmes and learning are gaining popularity as a means of educating students. It can also facilitate the delivery of knowledge to pupils, as well as facilitating the learning process. The purpose of this study was to investigate Online Learning Challenges following the Covid-19 pandemic outbreak in Malaysia. This study employs the qualitative and Fuzzy Delphi Method in collecting the data. In the qualitative research phase, open-ended questions were distributed to 118 participants, while in the Fuzzy Delphi phase, expert questionnaires were distributed to 7 experts in the field of study. Qualitative data were analysed using Atlas-ti software, whereas Fuzzy Delphi data was analysed using Fudelo 1.0 software. The qualitative study discovered that students confront seven significant challenges: internet coverage, mental fatigue, learning devices, environmental disturbance, pedagogical challenges, lack of motivation, and social interaction.Meanwhile, the fuzzy Delphi analysis of the expert consensus of the theme is at a reasonable level. The overall expert consensus agreement findings exceed 75%, the overall value of the threshold (d) is 0.2, and the -cut exceeds 0.5. The study provides important insights into online learning issues and the fields for further improvement. This study also discusses the avenue for future research by future researchers for more significant benefits and contributions to knowledge in general.

<span lang="EN-US">Mentoring by the mentor teachers to the trainee teacher is an important element in the component of professional practice, namely practicum. Mentoring of mentor teachers in this study refers to the quality of guidance given by mentor teachers to trainee teachers. This aspect is seen to have an impact on the success of trainee teachers during the practicum session. However, there are past studies that state that mentor teachers do not provide guidance as required by the trainee teachers. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the quality of mentoring of mentor teachers from the perspective of trainee teachers. This study used a mixed-method approach. Quantitative study was using a questionnaire namely mentor teacher’s guidance while utilizing random sampling method was used on a sample of 217 trainee teachers from the Institute of Teacher Education in the northern zone of Malaysia who have undergone the practicum session. The qualitative approach, on the hand involve semi-structured interview with two trainee teachers as the participants. This study found that the quality of guidance of mentor teachers is at a very good level. Quantitative findings are supported by qualitative findings. Four themes were identified from the interview analysis namely; excellent guidance, informative, cooperation and the needs of mentor teachers.</span>

<p><span lang="EN-US">This article discusses the development procedures of the Tarannum Smart Learning Application (Tarannum-SLA). It is a teaching and learning aid that has been developed for those who are interested in the </span><em><span lang="EN-US">tarannum</span></em><span lang="EN-US"> subject. The </span><em><span lang="EN-US">tarannum</span></em><span lang="EN-US"> is a technique to beautify and curve the tone of voice, in a certain tempo and rhythm when reading the Quran. The main aim of Tarannum-SLA is to facilitate the process of learning </span><em><span lang="EN-US">tarannum</span></em><span lang="EN-US">. Also, this courseware could create awareness among Muslims on the importance of the Quran. The Tarannum-SLA was developed not only to attract Muslims but also for non-Muslims who are interested to know about Islam, especially in terms of the arts of Quran recitation. Furthermore, in this courseware, we provide three language options, which are Malay, English, and Arabic for the convenience of our diverse prospective users. There are seven styles of </span><em><span lang="EN-US">tarannum</span></em><span lang="EN-US">, including Bayyati, Nahwand, Hijaz, Rast, Soba, Jiharkah, and Sika that are included in the Tarannum-SLA. Furthermore, to examine the ability of Tarannum-SLA to tackle the users’ needs, we have conducted the usability analysis based on the diffusion of innovation model. The result indicated that most of the constructs are perceived at a high level by respondents. Thus, this evidenced the high usability of Tarannum-SLA in promoting Quranic education. Although the development of this courseware has reached the implementation stage, it still needs some future improvements, for example, to amend the verses and reciters.</span></p>

The study aims to understand educational policy and teacher workload. This study employed a qualitative research approach with a case study design. This case study gives the researcher to conduct a study on a small number of participants in order to gain in-depth information, understanding, and insights on the selected research sample. Hence, the focus of the present study was on the policy issued by the Ministry of Education (MOE). A total of five teachers and two assistant principals were purposively selected. Data collection purposes were employed which included document analysis, semi-structured interview and observation. In the first phase, from document analysis concluded that the MOE is very serious in implementing the co-curriculum policy in school. Meanwhile, form the second phase, from the Interview, all of the teachers agree with newest co-curriculum as called as 1M1S [ 1 Pupil 1 Sport] is redundant with co-curriculum. However, the assistant principal stated policy 1M1S is essential and effective in improving the pupils' skill in sports and games. Finally, from the third phase, found that there is an overlapping issue between 1M1S policy and co-curriculum policy in school and observe the implementation of the policy in school. These policies should come with a worthy and comprehensive training method. Each educational policy needs an organized and well planning strategies to benefit the country.

<p>The ability of instructional leadership practices in shaping positive school culture is well known. Similarly, it is also proven that this kind of school leadership could strengthen teachers’ commitment. However, the research tended to focus on conventional instructional leadership and the ability of virtual instructional leadership to produce such impact remains unclear. Therefore, this study investigated the influence of virtual instructional leadership on teachers’ commitment. Based on Meyer and Allen’s Organizational Commitment Model the research model developed and analyzed using partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The finding revealed a positive impact of principals’ virtual instructional leadership practices towards teachers’ commitment in schools. Despite this, the study also discovered that normative and continuous commitments are not the fit dimensions for teacher’s commitments in the context of virtual instructional leadership, which is quite shocking. Hence, this would be a fruitful area for further works.</p>

The implementation of online teaching and learning activities during the Covid-19 pandemic was a challenging situation for teachers. Some teachers experienced stress that could affect their performance. This study aimed to examine the contributing factors to the stress which was experienced by the teachers. A total of 326 respondents comprising secondary school teachers in one of the northern states of Peninsular Malaysia were selected as a sample of the study. The sampling method used in this study was cluster sampling and random sampling techniques. This study found that workload and competency in information technology were significant contributors to teacher stress at 66.8% of variance. The workload factor is the biggest contributor compared to the competency in ICT factor. The higher the amount of workload experienced by the teachers will lead to an increase their level of stress. The teachers with high competencies in ICT experienced less stress while performing online teaching and learning activities. This study provides a meaningful information to the administrators to improve the teachers' well-being by controlling the amount of workload and improving competency in ICT.

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