Injection treatment is one of the most widely used methods for the conservative management of patellar tendinopathy. The objective of this systematic review was to synthesise data from randomised control trails on the effectiveness of various injections used in the management of patellar tendinopathy. An electronic search was conducted in the Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and SPORTDiscus databases. To be included in the current systematic review, the study had to be an RCT conducted on human participants that investigated the effect of at least one injection treatment on the management of patellar tendinopathy. Selected studies were required to report either patient-reported outcomes or biological and clinical markers of the tendon healing. The methodological quality of the studies was appraised using the revised Cochrane risk of bias tool for RCTs (RoB 2.0). Nine RCTs on seven types of injections were included in this review, with an overall positive outcome. Pain intensity was measured in all the studies. The VISA P score was the most used outcome measure (n = 8). A wide variety of interventions were compared with injection therapy, including eccentric training, extracorporeal shockwave, and arthroscopy. It can be concluded that the injection treatments can produce promising results in the management of patellar tendinopathy. However, because of the limited number of studies and the disparities in the study populations and protocols, it is not possible to make a firm conclusion on the efficacy of these injection methods, and these results should be inferred with care.
Speed, agility and quickness (SAQ) are the key determinants in soccer which enable the player to address decisive situations. Therefore the objective of this study is to investigate the efficacy of the SAQ training with and without specialized training equipment on sports performance parameters in amateur soccer players. In this study, 64 amateur male soccer players between the ages of 18-25 were recruited and randomized into the experimental group and control group. The experimental group received SAQ training with specialized equipment whereas the control group received SAQ training without equipment for six weeks (three times/ week). The study adopted a pretest-posttest design. Vertical jump test, 20-meter sprint test and Illinois agility test were the outcome measures. Both groups were significantly improved (p< 0.05) from pre to post-training in all sports performance measures. Between-group analysis by independent t-test showed that the experimental group outperformed the control group significantly in vertical jump test t(53)=7.71; p=.01,Cohen's d =1.24; 20 m sprint test t(53)=5.05; p=.03,Cohen's d =1.12 and in Illinois agility test t(53)=2.84; p=.03,Cohen's d =0.72. This study found that SAQ training is an effective training program for improving selected sports performance measures in amateur soccer players. Addition of specialized training equipment in SAQ training can cause a significant improvement in sports performance measures. The findings of the study can assist the clinician to design the late stage of rehabilitation protocol, preseason training and conditioning in novice and semiprofessional athletes.
Background. Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are among the most common injuries in wrestling. Even though there are several studies available in the literature about the changes in gait kinematics following ACL injury and ACL reconstruction surgery, none of these studies investigated the changes in gait kinematics following nonoperative rehabilitation protocol. So, this study is aimed at investigating the changes in gait kinematic following a supervised ACL rehabilitation protocol among wrestlers following a grade II ACL injury. Methods. Fifteen male professional wrestlers with recent grade II ACL injury with mean age: 19.93 ± 2.01 years, weight: 72.33 ± 7.46 kg , and height: 173 ± 4.95 cm volunteered for this single-arm pretest-posttest study. Kinematic parameters during walking pre- and postrehabilitation were examined by two-dimensional (2D) video graphic analysis. Paired sample t -test and Cohen’s d were used to determine significant differences and effect size of segmental angle, cadence, step length, stride length, etc. Results. Injured wrestlers after the rehabilitation program walked significantly faster and had a 10.13% higher cadence, a 10.89% faster gait velocity, a 05% greater step length, and a 4.69% longer stride length, compared with a prerehabilitation program of injured wrestlers. Furthermore, joint angles at the hip, knee, and ankle were significantly different between pre- and postrehabilitation. Conclusion. Research findings suggest that rehabilitation programs significantly impact the gait pattern of injured wrestlers. A 19-week supervised rehabilitation protocol can increase gait velocity and related parameters in ACL injured wrestlers.
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