Bicyclams inhibit HIV replication by binding to the CXCR4 chemokine receptor, which is the main coreceptor for gp120 used by X4, T-tropic strains of HIV for membrane fusion and cell entry. Bicyclam AMD3100 mainly interacts with the aspartic acid residues namely Asp171 and Asp262, which are located at the extracellular ends in the CXCR4 coreceptor. Incorporation of some metal ions by the macrocyclic rings of bicyclam enhances its binding affinity to the CXCR4 receptor and enhances their anti-HIV activity because the acetate can make a strong coordination bond to the metal and one weaker hydrogen bond to nitrogen in the cyclam ring. The interaction energy (E int ) between 150 metal-bicyclam complexes and aspartic acid has been evaluated. The metalbicyclam complexes are obtained by the incorporation of six metal ions namely Fe 3þ , Co 3þ , Ni 2þ , Cu 2þ , Zn 2þ , and Pd 2þ in 25 well-known bicyclams including AMD3100. In most of the cases, Fe and Co-bicyclam complexes interact best with aspartic acid. The anti-HIV activity of metal-bicyclam complexes can be predicted on the basis of interaction energy before the synthesis of the metal-bicyclam complex. On the basis of interaction energy, the anti-HIV activity of bicyclam complexes can be predicted in advance to their synthesis.

Alopecia is characterized by hair loss mainly on scalp some time on other resign of the body that has negative psychological and social impact on patients. Androgenetic alopecia and alopecia areata are common disorders. Androgenetic alopecia is the sensitivity of scalp follicles to dihydrotestosterone and alopecia areata is an autoimmune disorder. Current studies have explained the efficacy of corticosteroid therapy or the combination of ultraviolet A therapy and systemic corticosteroids for severe AA. Finasteride opens up new possibilities for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia. Current drug treatment approaches use regrowth stimulators such as minoxidil and finasteride for androgenetic alopecia, as well as corticosteroids, PUVA therapy for alopecia areata. Targeted delivery to the Hair follicle units helps faster targeting to cells that accelerate drug action by faster availability of drug, novel combination treatments combinations like tretinoin with minoxidil shows better results, gene therapy are new approaches that are under developing stage and giving satisfactory results on animal as well as humans.

Objective: The diabetes mellitus is most common diseases. Which are spread all over the world.