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Nanotechnology has the potential to generate advancements and innovations in formulations and delivery systems. This fast-developing technology has been widely exploited for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Today, cosmetic formulations incorporating nanotechnology are a relatively new yet very promising and highly researched area. The application of nanotechnology in cosmetics has been shown to overcome the drawbacks associated with traditional cosmetics and also to add more useful features to a formulation. Nanocosmetics and nanocosmeceuticals have been extensively explored for skin, hair, nails, lips, and teeth, and the inclusion of nanomaterials has been found to improve product efficacy and consumer satisfaction. This is leading to the replacement of many traditional cosmeceuticals with nanocosmeceuticals. However, nanotoxicological studies on nanocosmeceuticals have raised concerns in terms of health hazards due to their potential skin penetration, resulting in toxic effects. This review summarizes various nanotechnology-based approaches being utilized in the delivery of cosmetics as well as cosmeceutical products, along with relevant patents. It outlines their benefits, as well as potential health and environmental risks. Further, it highlights the regulatory status of cosmeceuticals and analyzes the different regulatory guidelines in India, Europe, and the USA and discusses the different guidelines and recommendations issued by various regulatory authorities. Finally, this article seeks to provide an overview of nanocosmetics and nanocosmeceuticals and their applications in cosmetic industries, which may help consumers and regulators to gain awareness about the benefits as well as the toxicity related to the continuous and long-term uses of these products, thus encouraging their judicious use.

: Eugenol is a bioactive compound widely available in many herbs like clove, cinnamon, tulsi, pepper etc. The compound is known for its antioxidant, antimicrobial, anaesthetic, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anti-diabetic, and anti-cancer activities. In pharmaceutical analysis, eugenol is used as a marker for single drugs and drug products. Dental care, household, and personal hygiene products are other areas where it has established its potential. In the food industry, eugenol is used as a flavouring agent in non-alcoholic beverages, baked foods, and chewing gums. Considering the huge potential of eugenol, this review is an attempt to collate the regulatory information, physico-chemical properties, toxicity profile, marketed conventional and novel formulations, analytical methods, extraction procedures, recent patents and clinical trials of the moiety. Based on the literature survey, a schematic diagram of the mechanism of action has also been made.

Thymoquinone has a multitude of pharmacological effects and has been researched for a wide variety of indications, but with limited clinical success. It is associated with pharmaco-technical caveats such as hydrophobicity, high degradation, and a low oral bioavailability. A prudent approach warrants its usage through an alternative dermal route in combination with functional excipients to harness its potential for treating dermal afflictions, such as psoriasis. Henceforth, the present study explores a nanoformulation approach for designing a fulvic acid (peat-sourced)-based thymoquinone nanoemulsion gel (FTQ-NEG) for an enhanced solubility and improved absorption. The excipients, surfactant/co-surfactant, and oil selected for the o/w nanoemulsion (FTQ-NE) are Tween 80/Transcutol-P and kalonji oil. The formulation methodology includes high-energy ultrasonication complemented with a three-dimensional/factorial Box–Behnken design for guided optimization. The surface morphology assessment through scanning/transmission electron microscopy and fluorescence microscopy revealed a 100 nm spherical, globule-like structure of the prepared nanoemulsion. Furthermore, the optimized FTQ-NE had a zeta potential of −2.83 ± 0.14 Mv, refractive index of 1.415 ± 0.036, viscosity of 138.5 ± 3.08 mp, and pH of 5.8 ± 0.16, respectively. The optimized FTQ-NE was then formulated as a gel using Carbopol 971® (1%). The in vitro release analysis of the optimized FTQ-NEG showed a diffusion-dominant drug release (Higuchi model) for 48 h. The drug permeation flux observed for FTQ-NEG (3.64 μg/cm2/h) was much higher compared to that of the pure drug (1.77 mg/cm2/h). The results were further confirmed by confocal microscopy studies, which proved the improved penetration of thymoquinone through mice skin. Long-term stability studies of the purported formulation were also conducted and yielded satisfactory results.

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Across the globe, incidence of oral afflictions like gingivitis and periodontitis are increasing at a very fast pace. Evidencearethere to support the fact that despite of being an oro-dental infection, periodontitis is associated with the systemic diseases too. Different ecological niches of oral cavity can harbor both pathogenic and non-pathogenic micro-organisms. Although the main cause of the disease is the anaerobic or the facultative anaerobic bacteria, other factors such as poor personal hygiene, diet and immune related disorders are also responsible for the progression of the disease. The vicious circle starts from deposition of the bacterial plaque/biofilm on the tooth surface then leading to gingivitis. If left untreated, it progresses to the development of periodontal pockets and ultimately tooth loss. However traditional treatment modalities like high dose of systemic antibiotics are available but antimicrobial resistance and virulence of the periodontal pathogens is the major cause of the treatment failures. This review primarily focuses on the etiology, pathogenesis and microbiology of the periodontitis. It also discusses the virulence and antimicrobial resistance factors of the periodontopathic micro-organisms. It is an attempt to develop the thorough understanding of the disease so that better therapeutic outcomes of periodonto-therapy can be attained.

Advancement in nanotechnology and its intervention into the medical field has led to significant development in the field of oral health. Also, the combination of nanomaterial science and biotechnology in dental nanorobotics has enthralled us by adding momentum to contemporary dental practices. The progressive nature of dental afflictions often requires an umbrella approach for their prevention, diagnosis, and complete treatment. Furthermore, the complex nature of dental diseases entails customized treatment modalities, which provides the development of various nanotechnology armamentariums. Furthermore, with the objective of controlled drug delivery, researchers have done a plethora of work to apply nanomaterials such as nanospheres, nanotubes, and nanocomposites for dental infections. However, the fundamental concern with nanotechnology is cost involvement and scaleup hurdles which limits its commercialization. Nevertheless, we hope that optimal utilization of the available nanotechnological interventions for modern dental practice will shortly improve oral health. Hence, this review primarily focuses on the types of nanotechnological interventions explored for various dental afflictions. Also, the authors have attempted to enlighten the readers about the practical aspects of nanotherapeutics for dental disease, that is, a journey from laboratory to product commercialization.