Madawara ultramafic complex (MUC) in the southern part of Bundelkhand Craton, Central India comprises peridotite, olivine pyroxenite, pyroxenite, gabbro, and diorite. Coarse‐grained olivine, clinopyroxene (Cpx), amphibole (Amp), Al‐chromite, Fe‐chromite, and magnetite with rare orthopyroxene (Opx) are common minerals in peridotite. Chromites are usually coarse‐grained euhedral found as disseminated crystals in the olivine matrix showing both homogeneous and zoned texture. Al‐chromite, primarily characterizes Cr‐spinels and its subsequent fluid activity and alteration can result in the formation of Fe‐chromite, chrome magnetite, and magnetite. Mineral chemistry data suggest that Al‐chromite is characterized by moderately high Cr2O3 (38.16–51.52 wt.%) and Fe2O3 (3.22–14.51 wt.%) and low Al2O3 (10.63–21.87 wt.%), MgO (1.71–4.92 wt.%), and TiO2 (0.22–0.67 wt.%), whereas the homogeneous Fe‐chromite type is characterized by high Fe2O3 (25.54–47.60 wt.%), moderately low Cr2O3 (19.56–37.90 wt.%), and very low Al2O3 (0.06–1.53 wt.%). Subsequent alteration of Al‐chromite and Fe‐chromite leads to formation of Cr‐magnetite and magnetite. The Cr# of Al‐chromite varies from 55.12 to 76.48 and γFe3+# from 8 to 19, whereas the ferrian chromite has high Cr# varying from 94.27 to 99.53 while its γFe3+# varies from 38 to 70. As a whole, the primary Al‐chromite shows low Al2O3, TiO2 contents, and high Fe#, Cr# values. Olivines have forsterite ranging from 75.96% to 77.59%. The bulk‐rock geochemistry shows continental arc geochemical affinities indicated by the high concentration of large‐ion lithophile elements and U, Th relative to the low concentration of high‐field strength elements. These petrological and mineralogical as well as primary Al‐chromite compositions plotted in different discrimination diagrams suggest an arc environment that is similar to Alaskan‐type intrusion.
The southern part of the Bundelkhand craton
contains a series of a E-W trending mafic and ultramafic
rocks, about 40 km in length and 2–4 km wide, that occur
as intrusions within the Bundelkhand Gneissic Complex
(BnGC). They are confined between the Madawara-
Karitoran and Sonrai-Girar shear zones. Dunite, harzburgite,
lherzolite and websterite are the commonly occurring
ultramafic rocks that have high MgO, Ni, Cr, PGE and
low Al2O3, CaO, K2O, TiO2 and V contents, and shows
peridotitic affinity. A distinct trend of crystallization from
peridotite to komatiitic basalt has been inferred from geochemical
plots, which also indicates the occurrence of
at least two varieties among the ultramafic suite of the
Madawara ultramafic complex, namely, Group I comprising
dunite, spinel peridotite, harzburgite and lherzolite,
and Group II consisting of pyroxenite, websterite and
olivine websterite. In several places, the rocks of Group II
have an intrusive relationship with Group I, and are relatively
enriched in total platinum group elements (PGE ~
300 ppb). The discrimination diagrams suggest that the
PGE are enriched in low sulphur-fugacity source magma at
moderate to deeper depths by high degree of partial melting
of the mantle.
Introduction: Severe acute Malnutrition (SAM) is an important contributor to morbidity and mortality amongst less than five years of age. In the National Family health Survey (NFHS), it was seen that 10% of children with SAM would require hospital admission. Even with establishment of nationwide Nutritional Rehabilitation centres (NRC) and standard guidelines, the problem of SAM is high in Odisha. The present study was undertaken to look at the clinical profile of the children with SAM in southern Odisha.
Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted from one month to 60 months of age with SAM who were admitted to a tertiary teaching hospital. Demographics, clinical features, laboratory tests were recorded and tabulated.
Results: We enrolled 70 SAM children (screened = 3288) for our study who were primarily nutritional. Exclusive breast feeding till six months was present in 26%, and all had inadequate complementary feeding. The major clinical presentations of SAM were diarrhea (36%), fever (34%) and poor weight gain (29%).
Conclusions: Majority of SAM had low birth weight, and had poor rates of exclusive breast feeding, inadequate complementary feeding, and recurrent infections.
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