Introduction: Dermatophytosis is frequently associated with relapses following the interruption of antifungal therapy. The incidence of fungal infections, including resistant infections, has increased during the last few years, may be due to inadequate use of drugs or increased incidence of immunodeficiency states. Aim: To compare disk diffusion and broth microdilution methods and to determine in vitro activity of antifungal agents which are most commonly used to treat the dermatophytic infection. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study which was conducted from November 2016 to April 2018 on 50 dermatophytic strains isolated from skin, hair and nail specimen collected from Dermatology Outpatient Department (OPD) of Shri Ram Murti Smarak Institute of Medical Sciences, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India. All samples were cultured on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) and Sabouraud’s Cycloheximide, Chloramphenicol Agar (SCCA) medium and incubated at 25°C upto 21 days. Then antifungal susceptibility was done using disk diffusion and broth microdilution method. Result was analysed Statistical software namely Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 20.0 and graph pad were used to analyse the data. Results: Data analysis of drug susceptibility tests involved a standard 2×2 contingency table. The isolates belong to two genera and five species namely Trichophyton menatagrophytes (44%), Trichophyton rubrum (32%), Trichophyton violaceum (18%), Trichophyton verrucosum (4%) and Epidermophyton floccosum (2%). The kappa value for fluconazole, itraconazole, terbinafine and griseofulvin were 0.419, 0.464, 0.444 and 0.451 respectively for disk diffusion and broth microdilution methods. Conclusion: A good agreement was observed between disk diffusion and broth microdilution method.
Introduction: Acinetobacter causes a wide range of illness in debilitated and hospitalized patients. Carbapenem resistance in Acinetobacter
species is an emerging problem and is a cause of concern as many nosocomial infections with Acinetobacter species are resistant to most other
antibiotics. The present study was aimed to study metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) production in Acinetobacter species. Data Material and Methods:
was collected retrospectively from October 2021 to March 2022. Out of all the clinical samples obtained (respiratory secretions, pus, blood &
urine), all Carbapenem resistant isolates of Acinetobacter species were included. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done by standard Kirby
Bauer disk diffusion method. MBL detection was done by imipenem-EDTA combined disk method and Modied Hodge test. Out of total Results:
325 Acinobacter isolates isolated from intensive care unit (ICU), 228 were found to be carbapenem (Imipenem & Meropenem) resistant and these
were further processed for MBL production. Out of 228 Carbapenem resistant Acinetobacter isolates 198 (86.84%) and 170 (74.56%) were found
MBL producer by Combined Disc test and Modied Hodge Test respectively. This Conclusion: study demonstrated that multidrug resistant strains
of Acinetobacter are common in ICU of tertiary care hospitals. Unwarranted and unrestricted usage of antibiotics and production of MBL is
associated with emergence of resistance in nosocomial pathogens. Regular monitoring and documentation of carbapenem resistant is crucial in
developing strategies to control infection due to these bacteria.
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