Emergence of artemisinin-resistant Plasmodium falciparum in Southeast Asia has made an intense warning to global malaria control programme since Southeast Asia is playing a key role in the evolution of drug resistant malaria parasites. Several polymorphisms in K13 gene have been designated with developing resistance either in vitro or in vivo. In this study, polymorphisms within K13 kelch propeller domain and Pf mdr1 gene were investigated in a total of 134 P. falciparum field isolates circulating in 3 states of Northeast region of India, namely, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, and Tripura because information regarding this is limited from this region. Six polymorphisms were detected, out of which 2 were new. A481V mutation was found in 4.5% of the total field isolates. A675V and D702N new mutations were present in 3.7% and 1.5% isolates, respectively. Synonymous polymorphism at codon 703 was highly observed (6.7%) than other polymorphisms. N86Y allele in Pf mdr1 gene was also noticed in isolates that contained mutation in K13 propeller domain, but N86 wild-type allele was found comparatively higher in frequency within overall isolates. Moreover, both nucleotide and haplotype diversities in K13 gene were high in Arunachal Pradesh isolates than other 2 states. This is the first report from Northeast region of India with evidence of A675V candidate mutation along with 2 other new mutations which pays attention for further molecular surveillance in this region to document detailed scenario of K13 polymorphism pattern corresponding to artemisinin resistance.
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