3D cell spheroids with native cell‐to‐cell junctions and cell‐extracellular matrix interactions can recapitulate the comprehensive physiological environments in vivo, providing new platforms for preclinical drug screening. However, the applications of 3D cell spheroids are limited by the unmatched size, deficient cell abundance, and short service time. In this work, a novel upward culture method on a porous silica superamphiphobic biointerface (SABI) is developed to fully overcome these technical hurdles. Cell suspensions maintain in a state of aquatic marble, accelerating cellular self‐aggregation. Contributing to the upward culture model, this strategy overcomes the shortages of size limitation and media refreshing in the classical methods. Herein, large‐volume 3D cell spheroids with the size of over 1500 µm can be efficiently established within 2 days and subsequently long‐term cultured for more than 20 days. For a close to real biomimetic microenvironment, breast tumor 3D spheroid is applied as a proof of concept, simultaneously employing MCF‐7 cell, cancer‐associated fibroblast (clone 8), and vascular endothelial cell (HUVEC). The large‐volume tumor spheroid with close‐to‐real microenvironment services as a unique paradigm for all‐in‐one biological relevant researches, including the capacity of in situ observation, long‐term incubation, drug screening, and recyclability.
Ursodeoxycholic acid is not only safer than chenodeoxycholic acid in the treatment of hepatobiliary diseases, but also has a wide range of applications in Acute Kidney Injury and Parkinson's Disease.The purpose of this experiment is to improve the conversion rate of 7-ketocholic acid and the yield of ursodeoxycholic acid in Aprotic Solvents during electrochemical reduction process. Three aprotic solvents were investigated as electrolytes, 1,3-Dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone(DMI) has the stable five-membered ring structure, 7K-LCA has undergone two nucleophilic and "Walden" Inversion", the 7K-LCK was stereoselectively reduced to UDCA. hexamethylphosphoramide (HMPA) and 1,3-methyl-3,4,5,6- Tetrahydro-2(1H)-pyrimidinone (DMPU) can be attacked by chloride ions to produce by-products. Molecular simulation based on molecular orbital theory combines experiments to study reducibility of three aprotic solvents(hexamethylphosphoramide(HMPA), 1,3-methyl-3,4,5,6-Tetrahydro-2(1H)-pyrimidinone (DMPU), and 1,3-Dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone(DMI)). Choose the best solvent based on the simulation results, the electrolysis reaction can be carried out by applying current and voltage when lithium chloride is used as electrolytes. and the calculation using Materials studio showed that Cu, Pb, Hg-Cu, and Ni had the largest binding energy to the substrate in this system. Using Cu as the electrode when the solvent is a 1:1 mix of DMI and HMPA ,the conversion rate of 7-ketocholic acid could reach 98%,the yield of ursodeoxycholic acid was up to 80%. Under the same conditions, linear voltammetry was performed on the electrochemical workstation to study the electrolysis behavior, and the obtained results were consistent with the experiment.
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