Objective:A study was carried out to analyze the efficacy and practical application for age estimation using digital panoramic radiograph to exploit image analysis to obtain metric measurement of morphological parameters of permanent mandibular first molar on Sulaimani population.Materials and Methods:In the present study a population of known age and sex was studied and subjected to digital panoramic radiographic examination. The correlation between the reduction of coronal pulp cavity and chronological age was examined in a sample of 96 individuals distributed into four age groups: 20-29 years (29 cases), 30-39 years (29 cases), 40-49 years (26 cases) and 50-59 years (12 cases). The height (mm) of the crown (CH = coronal height) and the height (mm) of coronal pulp cavity (CPCH = coronal pulp cavity height) of 96 of first molars from all subjects was measured. The tooth–coronal index (TCI) after Ikeda et al. was computed for each tooth and regressed on real age.Results:ANOVA was used to show the strength of relation between the age and TCI (P = 0.0000). The correlation coefficient (r2) was 0.49, which mean there is strong negative linear regression between age and TCI with the r2, regarding predicting age using TCI value, after the following equation calculated, Predicted age = 3.78 – (0.064 TCI) showed that there is no significant difference between real age and estimated age.Conclusion:There is a strong negative liner relationship between TCIs of mandibular first molars with chronological age of Sulaimani population, and age of individuals can therefore be estimated with a good degree of accuracy using regression equations.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of apical periodontics (AP) from a sample of Iraqi adult population by using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images.           Methods: Two hundred and fifty-one CBCT images (116 male and 135 female) were obtained, 6738 teeth were examined of these patients who attended for dental treatment from January 2017 to June 2018 in the B&R private dental clinic in Sulaimani, Kurdistan region/Iraq. Apical periodontitis was divided according to tooth types (anatomical) in both upper and lower jaw, root canal treatment (RCT) and non-root canal treatment (Non-RCT), affected root by AP, and quality of RCT. Pearson’s chi-square test was used to determine the level of significance (p<0.05). Results: Apical periodontitis was found in 294 teeth from 6738 examined teeth, of these, 59.9% of AP incidence was linked to RCT. The percentage of periapical lesions was not significantly different between male and female patients. Among RCT teeth, maxillary teeth were found to be most susceptible to AP (61.92%) compared to mandibular teeth (38.07%). Mesiobuccal root of upper first molar and mesial root of lower first molar were most commonly affected with AP (12.4%). The most reported defects where under filling, followed by missed canal, and pulpotomy which were 32%, 20% and 18 % respectively. Missed upper second mesiobuccal canal presented with a higher percentage of AP (40.6%) and palatal roots of maxillary molars showed the least AP (2.7%).  Conclusions: The prevalence of AP was low on population level; however, the prevalence of AP was high in inadequate endodontically treated teeth and increased in teeth with complex anatomy.

In forensics, predicting the sex is a crucial step in identification. Many studies have aimed to find an accurate and fast technique to estimate the sex. This study was conducted to determine the accuracy of volumetric and linear measurements of three-dimensional (3D) images of the mandible obtained from cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) radiographs, using different machine-learning (ML) models for sex identification. The CBCTs of 104 males and 104 females were included in this study. The radiographs were converted to 3D images, and the volume, surface area, and ten linear measurements of the mandible were obtained. The data were evaluated using statistical analysis and five different ML algorithms. All results were considered statistically significant at p < 0.05, and the precision, recall, f1-score, training accuracy, and testing accuracy were used to evaluate the performance of the ML models. All the studied parameters showed statistically significant differences between sexes p < 0.05. The right coronoid-to-gonion linear distance had the highest discriminative power of all the parameters. Meanwhile, Gaussian Naive Bayes (GNB) showed the best performance among all the ML models. The results of this study revealed promising outcomes; the sex can be easily determined, with high accuracy (90%).

Article Resumen: Introducción: Este estudio evaluó la prevalencia y el patrón de erupción de terceros molares mandibulares impactados (TMMI), y la influencia de su estado de erupción en la caries distal de los segundos molares mandibulares (SMM) mediante tomografía computarizada de haz cónico (TCHC). Material y métodos: se analizaron retrospectivamente las imágenes de TCHC tomadas para diferentes fines en prácticas dentales privadas. La evaluación radiográfica incluyó: prevalencia de TMMI, grado de angulación, nivel de impacto y tipo de TMMI. Además, también se evaluó la distancia entre la unión amelocementaria (UAC) de los segundos y terceros molares y la aparición de lesión de caries en la superficie distal de SMM. Los datos se analizaron mediante la prueba de chi cuadrado y se usó la regresión logística para evaluar asociaciones entre la caries distal de SMM y el estado de erupción de TMMI. Resultados: Se examinaron 308 TCHC, la prevalencia de TMMI fue de 36.88% y su grado de angulación fue mayoritariamente menor a 90º (mesioangular). Entre aquellos con impacto, 58 sujetos (43%) tenían caries distales en los SMM, 29.6% eran mujeres y 30.4% pertenecieron al grupo de edad de 19-27 años. Las caries en el lado distal de MSM se asociaron significativamente con la edad, el nivel y el tipo de impactación, el grado de angulación y las distancias UAC (p<0.05). Conclusiones: la prevalencia de TMMI es alta (36.88%) y existen relaciones significativas entre el grado de angulación, el nivel y el tipo de impacto, y las distancias UAC con presencia de caries en el lado distal de los SMM. Palabras Clave: Tercer molar mandibular impactado; mesioangular; kurds iraquíes; caries distales; tomografía computarizada de haz cónico.