B ackground:The veterinary antibacterial florfenicol, an alternative to chloramphenicol that is prohibited for use in food-producing animals due to its hematotoxicity .But some references indicate that florfenicol also induces hematotoxicity. Objective: The aim of the study was to use suckling pups of rats as a model to detect the hematotoxicity of florfenicol. Methods: Fifteen lactating female rats (8 pups per mother) were divided into three groups C (control), F1 and F2 were treated with florfenicol (0, 50 and 100 mg/kg, intramuscularly (i.m) during the first five days after parturition, respectively. Blood smears were prepared from newborns at 3, 7,14 and 21 postnatal day (PND) and stained with May-Grunwald Giemsa to study changes in the erythrocyte morphology.Results: Treatment of lactating female rats with a florfenicol(100 mg/kg) in the group (F2) led to severe hematotoxicity represented by appearance of the anulocyte cell as an indication of hypochromia in a state similar to thalassemia and accompanied by the appearance of stomatocytes and target cells at (3 and7 PND) ,but fragmentation of erythrocytes were observed on the 14 PND, which persisted until the 21 PND. Whereas, blood smear from newborns in group (F1) at 3 (PND) showed cells with finger-like projections which are an indicator of hemoglobinopathy, which was followed by the fragmentation of RBC which continued until 7,14 (PND) accompanied by a late appearance of anulocyte and target cells on day 21 Conclusion:We conclude from our current study the success of the newborn model in detecting the hematotoxicity of florfenicol.
There is controversy about the histological changes in splenic immunocyte induced by Flo. Objective: The proliferation of splenic germinal centers (SGCs) in poultry is considered a marker of an immune response.Therefore, chick embryos were used as a model in our study, as they have a high cellular proliferation rate. Methods: Thirty fertilized eggs were divided into three groups (10 eggs/group), C as control, F1 and F2 treated on day 12 of incubation with distal water, 75 and 150 mg/kg of Florfenicol in air cell, respectively. Then, on day 18 of incubation, chick embryos were sacrificed for spleen harvesting to examine the histological changes using TUNEL assay (Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling) to detect DNA fragmentation (apoptosis) and hematoxylin and eosin stain to count blood vessels (BVs) and splenic germinal center (SGCs) and their diameter. Chick embryos exposed to Flo led to splenic histological changes in a dose-dependent manner, represented by a significant increase in the number of both BVs and SGCs but the diameter of these SGCs decreased significantly due to the occurrence of apoptosis in the F2 group compared with control and F1 groups. Conclusion: We concluded that Flo induced proliferation in the SGCs of chick embryos, which is considered as an indicator of the immune response that depended in its intensity on the dose and to regulate and modify this response by apoptosis, which is recorded for the first time.
B ACKGROUND: Cloprostenol, as a common clinically used PGF 2 α analogue, is widely employed in veterinary practice to induce parturition. It is main action, as a potent luteolytic, carried by vasoconstriction of the blood vessels that supply the corpus luteum. While vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a key regulator of angiogenesis. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the precise effects of PGF 2 α analogue (cloprostenol) on the VEGF gene expression. Methods: Chorioallantoic membranes (CAM) of local chicken fertilized eggs were used at 6 and 9 days of incubation. The control group, without treatment, and other groups treated with (22.5µg/egg) of cloprostenol sodium (Galapan) ® and eggs were re-incubated. CAM blood vessels were observed and documented and samples of them were isolated at 1, 2, 4, 6, 12, and 24 hours after incubation. mRNA was isolated and converted to cDNA, and RT-PCR was done to determine the gene expression of VEGF. Results: It shows that the peak of gene expression of VEGF gene was at 24 hours of day 9 of incubation. Furthermore, the best antiangiogenic effects were at the same time of 6 hours of day 6 of incubation. Conclusion: It could be concluded that PGF 2 α analogue (cloprostenol) has vasoactive properties depend particularly on the VEGF, this action is in a time-dependent manner and may be based on the hypoxia-induced pathways that elicited by vasoconstrictive action of cloprostenol.
Background:Because of the fact that the mechanism of anticonvulsant action of Gabapentin is not yet clear, so the aim of our present study was to determine whether the voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSC) may be correlate with its mechanism. To achieve this goal, Cypermethrin was chosen as a (convulsion inducer) resulting from its prolongs the opening of (VGSC) in order to interfere with Gabapentin . Method:The experiment animals were divided into four groups. The first group was treated with a single dose of Cypermethrin (1000 mg / kg, orally), while the second and third group were treated with a single dose of Gabapentin (100 mg / kg, orally)15 or 30 minutes before the Cypermethrin treatment respectively. The fourth group was treated with Gabapentin alone in a dose of (100 mg / kg, orally) .After the end of treatment of the chicks were transferred to the cages to be monitored individually and recorded percentages of appearance of nervous signs and the percentage of each mortality and protection against mortality. Results: Chicks treated with Cypermethrin alone (1000 mg / kg, orally)showed nervous signs which included the jerking movements of the leg and wings (clonic convulsion) and whole body tremors accompanied with opisthotonos at percentages (80%, 100%,60%) respectively that end with death at (100%) , but the pretreatment of chicks with Gabapentin (100 mg / kg, orally) resulted in time-dependent protection against Cypermethrin-induced nervous signs and mortality,which representing by significantly decrease in the percentage of each clonic convulsion,whole body tremors and mortality to (0%, 20% and 20%) respectively and accompanied by significant increase the percentage of protection of chicks against mortality to (80%) in the group that pretreatment with Gabapentin 30 minute before administration of Cypermethrin compared with control group (Cypermethrin alone). We conclude from our results that recorded for the first time the Gabapentin provided protection to chicks against Cypermethrin-induced nervous signs and mortality , this result may be related to effect of Gabapentin on (VGSC). Thus, the currently study will open the way to use Cypermethrin as a model in scientific research that detect the mechanisms of action of anticonvulsant drugs .
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