Objectives: Hydrogen cyanamide is the active gradient of dormex, which is sprayed on grapes for early bud break. The aim of the work: This study aims to detect the toxic effect of dormex on the brain and lungs of albino rats and the protective role of vitamin E. Methodology: This experimental study was conducted on forty-eight albino rats. They were divided randomly into four groups, with 12 rats in each group. Group I (control group) received saline. Group II received tocopherol (2 mg/kg). Group III received dormex (4 ml/kg). Group IV was given 4 mL/kg dormex and 2 mg/kg tocopherol. After 12 hours, venous blood samples were drawn for total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and then all rats were sacrificed for histopathological studies, malondialdehyde (MDA) and catalase. Dormex caused a significant increase in brain and lung MDA (0.001**), a significant decrease in brain and lung catalase (0.001**), and a significant decrease in serum total antioxidant capacity (0.001**). Vitamin E + dormex significantly reduced MDA in the brain and lungs (0.001**), significantly increased catalase in the brain and lungs (0.001**), and significantly increased serum total antioxidant capacity (0.001**). Histopathological examination of the brain and lungs in the dormex group showed marked inflammatory changes, but in the group of dormex + vitamin E, mild inflammatory changes were detected. Conclusion: The present study concluded that dormex has highly toxic effects on the brain and lungs of rats, and vitamin E could prevent these dangerous effects.
Background: Drug abuse is one of the most serious threats in several countries; acute toxicity of these drugs was more common in all poison control centers. Objectives: This study aimed to recognize the incidence of acute toxicity of abused drugs Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on 375 patients presented to Poison Control Center (PCC) of Minia university hospital from 1 st of January 2017 to 31 st of December 2019, data collected regarding socio demographic information, types of toxins, mode of toxicity, clinical manifestations, investigations, and outcome. Results: Patients of this study aged 6 months-58 years old, hospital stay duration ranged between 1 to 8 days. Combined drugs were the most common type 19.2 %, most patients were males 99.2 %, lived in urban areas 70.1 %, unemployed 91.5 %, single marital status 54.7 %. 41.9 % of patients had intermediate qualification; accidental overdose toxicity is the most common mode of poisoning 69.9 %. Regarding clinical manifestation, most patients had stable vital signs and normal arterial blood gases (ABG), and coma was the commonest manifestation. 91.7 % of patients survived while 8.3 % died. Conclusion: combined drugs addiction is most common between addicts nowadays; also synthetic cannabinoid addiction had increased.
Background & objective: organophosphate (OP) insecticide poisoning is considered a major clinical problem, especially in developing countries with a 15-30% case fatality rate. These compounds act by inhibition of acetylcholinesterase enzymes, with clinical features of muscarinic overstimulation. Treatment mainly depends on muscarinic receptor antagonist, atropine, to relieve the symptoms of intoxication. This study aims to assess the benefits of adding nebulized atropine to infusion during the treatment of severe OP poisoning cases. Patients & methods: This crosssectional observational study was conducted on 40 patients aged 18 to 58 years who were admitted with acute severe OP poisoning at the Poison Control Center of our university from September 2019 to August 2020. After first aid measures, the patients were divided randomly into two groups; the first group received atropine by infusion, while the second group was treated by nebulized and infused atropine. The following data were evaluated and compared between both groups; total atropine dose, oxime dose, heart rate, peak inspiratory pressure, plateau pressure, the number of endotracheal tubes used, development of pneumonia, total time of ventilation, and the number of survivors. Results: The results revealed that the cases who received atropine by the nebulizer and parenteral routes required a lesser dose of atropine for abolishing muscarinic symptoms, showed a significant decrease in plateau and peak inspiratory pressures, lower incidence of development of pneumonia, decreased need for chest tube insertion and better survival rate. Conclusions: nebulized atropine, besides infused one, would have many benefits with future considerations.
Background: Scorpion envenomation represents a vital health problem, especially in children. Scorpion venom causes diverse harmful side effects on different body systems; however, the most serious one is considered the cardiotoxic effect. Aim of the work: this study aims to predict heart failure in children following scorpion sting using MR-proANP (cardiac biomarker), owing to reduced sensitivity and specificity of currently used biomarkers. Subjects & methods: the study was carried out on 87 children patients presented to Minia University Poisoned Control Center (MUPCC) with a history of a scorpion sting (within the first hour of sting) during the period from 1st of June 2018 to the 31st of May 2020. Venous blood samples were drawn from patients for biochemical analysis (MR-proANP and troponin I). Result: MR-proANP predicted clinical heart failure (HF) in the first hour of sting (sensitivity was73.91% and the specificity was 100%) and predicted sub-clinical heart failure after 6 hours of sting (sensitivity was 89.66% and the specificity was 91.67%); however, troponin I predicted HF only after 12 hours of the sting. Conclusion: MR-proANP was superior to troponin I in predicting HF due to scorpion envenomation.
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