Public Private Partnership (PPP) Housing scheme in Nigeria is intended to complement government effort toward increasing housing stock and providing affordable housing in the country. However, Bauchi state government adopted the construction of 5,000 phases PPP Housing. But 6 years after the commencement of the scheme, only a few numbers of housing units were completed and commissioned. Therefore, it becomes imperative to carry out research on the impact level of those factors affecting the implementation of the scheme. The aim of the study is to investigate impact level of factors affecting the implementation of PPP housing projects in Bauchi state with a view to find out possible ways that will improve the implementation of the scheme. The descriptive and explorative research design was adopted for this study. 54 structured Questionnaires were administered to construction professional's staff under private housing developers and relevant government agencies in Bauchi state. 42 valid Questionnaires were retrieved and analysed with SPSS software. The result of the quantitative data analysis shows that creation of favourable investment environment and government support have very high Impact on the implementation of Bauchi PPP housing projects. Therefore, this study recommends that government and other stakeholders should give more attention to the creation of favourable investment environment, support in policy formulation and managerial strategies in the future for improving the implementation of PPP housing projects.
Contracting business in public sector within various counties has a transaction cost to incur. This paper reviews transaction costs magnitude of developed and developing countries using standard sampling and procedure by analyzing data from four (4) developed countries; United States of America, United Kingdom, Newzealand, and Czech Republic and two (2) developing countries in Africa; Ghana and Nigeria. According to thefindings Newzealand have the highest TCs magnitude among all countries compared of about 16.5% averagely and with Czech Republic with 0.13% minimum that are incurred by stakeholders when bidding public sector construction projects. This is an important comparison and strengthens the assumption that there is a significant link between transaction costs incurred in bidding and public sector procurement, and that reducing such costs must be important for the contracting firms of various countries. Keywords: Construction, Comparison, Magnitude, Procurement, Transaction Cost.
and structure elucidation of bis (quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside) from the n-butanol fraction of the crude methanol leaf extract of Z. mucronata. Materials and Methods General experimental procedures The solvents used were of high quality (analytical grade) and include: methanol, n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol purchased from Sigma Co. USA; silica gel 60-120 µm (Qualikems, India) was used for column chromatography, sephadex LH-20 (GE Healthcare) was used for purification of isolated compound, thin layer chromatography (TLC) was carried out on aluminum-backed Kieselgel 60 F254 TLC plate (Merck no. 5554, Darmstadt, Germany) and a Gallenkhamp electro thermal melting point apparatus was used to determine the melting point of isolated compound. The UV was recorded on Thermo scientific biomate 6 UV-Visible spectrophotometer; the IR was recorded on Agilent Technologies Cary 6030 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer; 1 H __ NMR (500 MHz, MeOD) and 13 C __ NMR (125 MHz, MeOD) spectra were recorded on a Bruker AVANCE-500 spectrophotometer (Japan). The chemical shift values (δ) were reported in parts per million (ppm) relative to internal standard TMS and coupling constants (J values) were given in Hertz. Collection and identification of the plant material The leaves of Z. mucronata were collected from Kudingi village, Giwa Local Government Area of Kaduna State, Nigeria in 2015. It was authenticated by taxonomist Musa Muhammad in the Herbarium Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria by comparison with the existing herbarium specimen, voucher number 900328. Preparation of the extract The leaves of the plant were dried under shade at room temperature until a constant weight was obtained and size-reduced manually using mortar and pestle. About 1 kg of the pulverized leaf material was extracted with methanol by cold maceration for 72 hours with occasional shaking and concentrated in vacuo using rotary evaporator at 40 o C. This yielded a dark green gummy (134 g) crude extract; 100 g of the extract was suspended in 500 mL of distilled water and filtered using Whatman No. 1 filter paper.
This study is set to examine the relationship between working capital management policy and profitability of quoted food and beverages companies in Nigeria. The population comprises a sample of ten (10) food and beverage companies quoted on the Nigerian Stock Exchange. The study used secondary data for a period of ten (10) years (2005-2014) and was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics with the aid of Stata version 13. Two research hypotheses were formulated and tested. It was found that, there is no significant relationship between receivable collection period (RCP) policy and profitability of quoted food and beverage companies in Nigeria. However, it was recommended that the management should identify the level of inventory which allows for uninterrupted production but reduces the investment in raw materials and minimizes reordering cost and hence increases profitability. The management should reduce their RCP from 53 days on the average to at most 30 days by instituting adequate control and flexible credit policy.
Introduction: Community based health financing mechanism is referred to as a process whereby household in a community finance or co finance the recurrent and capital cost associated with a given set of health services thereby also include management of financial scheme and organization of health services. Iccm as a strategy to providing integrated case management services for two or more illness including diarrhea, malaria, pneumonia among children from two to upto five years. It is a community approach where lay persons are trained on management of the three diseases. This approach is being funded by foreign donor. However, there was stipulated period in which this support would elapsed and the support from the state Government may not be feasible. In an attempt to source for financing of iccm, this study aim at determining the willingness of the caregiver to use Community financing approach through payment of Premium to finance this community intervention (iccm). The concept of willingness to pay is maximum price a consumer is willing to pay for a given product or services. Materials and Methodology: A descriptive Cross sectional study was carried out among four hundred respondents that were selected using Multi stage sampling technique. Data was collected, coded and entered into a computer. Analysis was carried out using SPSS. Chi Square and logistic regression was used as a test of significance. Level of significance was set at Pvalue less than 0.05. Results: Twenty two percent of the respondents had good knowledge of iccm activities. Less than half of the respondents 41.3% were satisfied with iccm activities. Majority of the respondents 93.3% were willing to pay. Out of this, half of them 50.0% said they could only afford to pay less than 1000 naira per annum and 72.8% said the convenient time to pay was during the harvesting time. Factors influencing willingness to pay include Age, marital status and income level ( Pvalue <0.05). Knowledge and level of satisfaction were not influencing factors. The predictor of willingness to pay are aged 38-47 years and income of less than 5000 naira. Conclusion and Recommendation: There was willingness of the respondents to contribute for financing and sustainability of iccm in Niger State but the amount the majority of them were willing to pay was less than 1000 naira which might not able to sustain the iccm activities. There may be need for further research to determine amount needed for the annual activities and hence sustainability of iccm. The Government should show much responsibilities toward financing of iccm. Bi-apartite arrangement could be made between State Government and the Communities with iccm in place on how to share some responsibilities of iccm activities.
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