Skin cancer is one of the most dangerous forms of cancer. Skin cancer is caused by un-repaired deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in skin cells, which generate genetic defects or mutations on the skin. Skin cancer tends to gradually spread over other body parts, so it is more curable in initial stages, which is why it is best detected at early stages. The increasing rate of skin cancer cases, high mortality rate, and expensive medical treatment require that its symptoms be diagnosed early. Considering the seriousness of these issues, researchers have developed various early detection techniques for skin cancer. Lesion parameters such as symmetry, color, size, shape, etc. are used to detect skin cancer and to distinguish benign skin cancer from melanoma. This paper presents a detailed systematic review of deep learning techniques for the early detection of skin cancer. Research papers published in well-reputed journals, relevant to the topic of skin cancer diagnosis, were analyzed. Research findings are presented in tools, graphs, tables, techniques, and frameworks for better understanding.

Introduction: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is associated with various systemic diseases. However, its association with diabetes mellitus (DM) was discussed controversially. Few researchers reviewed the association of these two common morbid disorders. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the relationship between AD and DM. Methods: We systematically searched PubMed including Epub and ahead of print (198 articles identified) and Cochrane (13 articles) databases. The searching engine was set to include case-control, prospective and retrospective cohorts, and cross-sectional studies from the first published up to February 12, 2021. Two hundred and eleven were identified, eighteen full texts were screened; of them, six were included in the final meta-analysis. The keywords used were AD, diabetes mellitus, type 1 diabetes, and type 2 diabetes. A datasheet was used to record the author's name, year of publication, country and type of the studies, number of events, and total number in the two arms (patients and controls). Results: Out of the 211 references identified, six studies were pooled to test the association between diabetes mellitus and AD. The studies showed that AD is lower among patients with DM, odds ratio, 0.69, 95% CI, and 0.67-0.72. No heterogeneity was observed (Chi-Square, 4.12, degree of freedom (df.)= 5, and I 2 = 0%, P-value), 0.53 and P-value for overall effect, <0.001. The included studies were published in Europe (five) and Canada (one study) and included 162,882 patients and 12,164 events, four of the studied articles were case-control studies, one retrospective, and one cross-sectional. Conclusion: AD was lower among patients with DM compared to their counterparts without the disease. Further studies focusing on the genetic and environmental factors linking AD and diabetes are needed.

Papular urticaria is a frequent disturbing disease characterized by chronic or recurrent papules that are a hypersensitive reaction to mosquito, bedbug, flea, and other insect bites. PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, EBSCO, and Cochrane library were searched. Study articles were screened by title and abstract using Rayyan QCRI then a full-text assessment was implemented. This review investigates the published literature regarding the causes, diagnosis, and management of papular urticaria. Eight studies were included, with 527 patients with papular urticaria. Most cases were diagnosed morphologically and clinically, and only one study depended on light and electron microscopy. Arthropods and hypersensitivity reactions were the most common causes. This review reported the frequency of hypersensitivity reactions to insect bites, flea bites, bedbug bites, and domestic urticaria bites. According to reports, morphological patterns were used to diagnose most cases clinically. Insect repellents, antihistamines, antipruritic, topical steroids, and symptomatic treatments were used to treat the majority of patients with papular urticaria.

Atopic dermatitis is a common disease that affects all age groups. The disease is on the rise worldwide. There is an increasing concern regarding its association with autoimmune diseases. Literature regarding this important issue lacks. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the association of AD with autoimmune disorders. An electronic literature search was conducted in the PubMed, Cochrane Library, in addition to the first 100 articles in Google Scholar during the period from 2010 up to January 2021. Five hundred forty-three references and abstracts were identified, of them, 8 full texts were screened. While only four studies fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The keywords used were atopic dermatitis, atopic eczema dermatitis syndrome, autoimmune disease, skin autoimmunity, gastrointestinal autoimmune diseases to include most of the systematic autoimmune disorders. The current meta-analysis included four studies with 1735789 patients and 14927 events. The studies were published in Asia and Europe. All were retrospective studies with study periods ranging from five years to 48 years. Autoimmune diseases were higher among patients with AD, a significant statistical difference was observed (odds ratio, 1.61, 95 % CI, 0.03). The random effect was applied due to the substantial heterogeneity observed (I 2 =98%, P-value<0.001). Autoimmune disease was commoner among patients with AD compared to their counterparts without the disease.

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