Political behaviour encompasses a combination of democratic attitudes and orientations that shows people as an essential part of a democratic development in the society. Political behavior literatures that exist are narrow and rely mostly on the traditionally drives and impulses to the analysis of political behavior such as socio-cultural cleavages determined lines. However, this study presents an academically comprehensive, and empirically well-explanation of the concept of political behavior. Significant for its practical understanding and adoption in political behavior discourse and analysis that is base on the most pressing issues and demands of the people. The study uses a qualitative method of data collection. Findings revealed that political behavior component include formal political participation and extra parliamentary activism. Formal political participation: involves citizens to take part in voting, enjoys right to contest in any office or position at the state or national levels, membership in political parties, pressure groups, civil societies, labour unions, market unions, and humanitarian advocacy groups. And extra parliamentary activism : involves protests or unconventional political engagement such as strike, demonstrations, petitions, or rallies, in order to attract attention and concerns to portray the electorates’ most pressing demands and needs towards government policies for the benefit of the general public.

Measuring socio-economic and political value change needs a simple and valid interpretation at both collective and individual levels. However, surveys dealing with value change are limited and defective. This article aims on World Value Survey (WVS) and its academic significance in the study of political behavioural change in Bauchi state Nigeria 1999-2016, through, a qualitative method of data collection and analysis. Conclusion suggests that as a prominent and well-established academic source of data, the WVS instruments, and data are significant for the analysis of the changing political behaviour in Bauchi State. Considering that, the study centres only on the part of the WVS survey data on two dimensions of political behaviour: (1) formal political participation and (2) extra parliamentary activism. These two dimensions comprise nine values which include interest in politics, voting, protests, demonstrations, confidence in political parties, parliament, government, leadership and quality preferences randomly selected and adopted The adoption of these two important segments of the WVS data helped the analysis processes particularly in examining the trends and patterns of the changes in political behaviour as component of democratic attitude and value. WVS is also a means through which governments and its agencies will be influenced to make authoritative decisions (policies) for the continuity and democratic development.

Infrastructure comprising road and rail network, health care, and educational facilities have powerful effects on the overall electoral process of people in various political entities. They also play a determining role in setting the bases of the voting choice and change in the orientations of the people towards their political system. Reports on infrastructure in Bauchi state exist but are incomplete to academic principles. This study examines infrastructure deterioration and the outcome of the 2019 gubernatorial elections in Bauchi state Nigeria through a qualitative method of data collection and analysis. Findings of the e study concludes that, part of the underlying principle for the success of an opposition political party, the Peoples Democratic Party (PDP) in the 2019 gubernatorial elections includes. The electorates’ assessments of the All Progressives Congress (APC) administration’s discouraging records in the provision and maintenance of Infrastructure comprising: road and rail network, health care system, and educational facilities. Better election campaign strategy and reliable contestant offered by opposition parties; and enhanced training by the electoral body, the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC). This confirms the significance of Infrastructure (road and rail network, health care, and educational facilities) as crucial factors influencing electoral outcomes of the 2019 gubernatorial elections in Bauchi state, Nigeria.

Security issues have the propensity to stimulate electorates to adopt positive democratic attitudes that can facilitate safety. Such as following and engaging approaches that proffers a sense of safety, self value and cause the aspiration for leaders who share these common goals. Studies of security and elections in north eastern Nigeria exist however, limited to academic standards. This study examines security issues and factors influencing the outcome of the 2015 general elections in north eastern Nigeria through a qualitative method of data collection and analysis. The study concludes that factors, that caused the victory of an opposition political party, the All Progressives Congress (APC) in the 2015 general elections includes. The electorates’ evaluations of the Peoples Democratic Party (PDP) government’s depressing records in securing lives and property, mismanagement of the economy, and challenges in confronting corruption; better election campaign tactics and credible candidates presented by opposition parties; and better preparation by the electoral body, particularly the use of biometric voter cards. But most importantly of the factors is insurgency that occupied the northeast region. This shows the relevance of security, economy, and political concerns as top factors influencing electoral outcomes in north eastern, Nigeria.

The notable challenges that Nigeria’s democratic processes and development suffer from includes cases of electoral misconduct such as rigging, use of thugs to interrupt the election process and use of money to bargain the votes of the poor hungry Nigerian. Inter and intra party conflicts, ethno religious violence, inequality, pandemics, along with others. Studies on Nigeria’s democracy exist but are limited to providing a ground breaking approach to mitigating the challenges of Nigerian democracy. This article presents an innovative approach from the political behavioural change theoretical and practical insight to mitigating the challenges of Nigerian democracy through a qualitative method of data collection and analysis. Findings concludes that challenges of Nigeria’s democracy can be mitigated through an innovative political behavioural change approach that centers on meeting the most pressing issues and demands of the electorates. And in the manner democratic process and practices of the Nigerian political system is handling generally. This would ultimately help to connect democratic values with democratic attitude, democratic attitude with electorates’ electorates and leaders’ democratic behaviour with most pressing issues and demands. Issues and demands with democratic policies and institutions, local or international significant for democratic development.