The waste produced from the remnants of construction projects, such as construction of houses, roads, bridges, and multi-story buildings, clearly constitutes a major environmental danger and has become a concern in many countries. In Iraq, the great economic growth taking place and the development of modern means of construction has led to the spread of large quantities of waste that must be disposed of. Numerous studies have focused on the disposal of these wastes, with the most important process being recycling. The possibility of using pulverized waste ceramic tiles (PWCT) as a sand replacement to produce high-strength, self-compacting geopolymer concrete (HSSCGPC) was investigated in the present study. HSSCGPC specimens were prepared using ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) and nano silica (NS) as an alternative to cement. The performance of the produced HSSCGPC was evaluated by subjecting it to several laboratory tests, including workability, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexure, and durability tests, to determine its conformance to the EFNARC standard. The results demonstrated the possibility of using both NS and GGBFS together as a full substitute for cement, with PWCT as a full substitute fornatural sand, although the use of PWCT decreased the workability and strength of the final product. PWCT was established as a prospective candidate for replacement of up to 50% of the sand in cement in terms of environmental friendliness, cost effectiveness, and conservation of natural resources. HSSCGPC had high durability when compared with normal types of concrete.
Due to the evolution of life in the last century and the continuing development to the present time, in addition to the increase in the presence of factories and laboratories and modern means of transport and increase the requirements of living such as housing and work and the resources of consumption of food, water and energy. All these things led to a large pollution in the environment in which we live. And the increase in the consumption of fuel and energy will lead to an increase in the proportion of harmful substances that will be put in the environment as a result of the consumables we use in our daily lives. Hence, there is an urgent need to preserve the environment and to detoxify harmful substances and human waste. The term green technology refers to the use of healthy resources and clean energy sources that do not contain harmful residues when used. One of the areas in which green technology is involved is the engineering fields, especially structural engineering, so that waste recycling and its use for construction purposes can be achieved in addition to building environmentally friendly facilities. This paper presents a review of the use of green technology in the fields of civil engineering.
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