Aim:
This paper is a research study investigating the magnitude and cost of waiting time as experienced by public transport users in Jordan. This study also used spatial analysis to measure services provided for public transport routes according to the average waiting time.
Methods:
The data for waiting time of public transport users were collected using field observation and a professional spatial analysis applied to identify several locations experiencing short time delays.
Results:
This study found a relationship between the total costs of waiting time, including wasted time and money, and revealed that the money spent by the passengers was more than their average monthly income.
Conclusion:
The findings can be used as valuable information for researchers, government policy-makers, and transport agencies to firstly, develop more punctual public transport modes; and secondly, manage public transport trips to minimize time delays.
The affliction that the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has placed on the infrastructure of healthcare institutions across the globe permeates to the level of the provider, hampering clinical decision-making capacity and capability. Associated with the latter has been unprecedented, sweeping changes in biomedical equipment manufacturing, triage dynamics, and implementation of medical interventions in a landscape replete with clinical literature attempting to characterize features in COVID-19 patients. Preliminary assessments into the elements of the SARS-CoV-2 virus (the strain of coronavirus responsible for COVID-19) in addition to the delineation of patient flux pertaining to COVID-19 has identified diabetes as a prevalent comorbidity with increased mortality and increased disease burden in the acutely ill. The volume of patients with COVID-19 superimposed upon complicated diabetes exemplifies that insight into this association offers an expanded perspective of diabetes mellitus. Moreover, given the extensive organ compromise seen in COVID-19 in addition to the established notion that diabetes is a systemic syndrome of metabolism, an appraisal of the literature of medical management and precursory findings serve as bearings that help render clinical principles into viable treatments. In this review we investigate the array of contemporary literature surrounding COVID-19 with a perspective centered upon the management of acute diabetes complications, namely diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state, with emphases into translational biology and pharmacotherapeutics.
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