Background. Hospital case fatality among those with heart failure in Africa ranges from 9% to 12.5%. An integrated approach to identify those who are at high risk and implementing specific treatment strategies is of great importance for a better outcome. Objective. The aim of this study is to assess the mortality rate and its associated factors among hospitalized heart failure patients at the Jimma University Medical Center (JUMC), south west Ethiopia. Method. A hospital-based retrospective cross-sectional study design was conducted among 252 patients admitted with heart failure during the study period who were sampled and enrolled in to the study. A simple random sampling technique was used to select the study participants by using their medical registration number as the sampling frame. Data were collected using a pretested questionnaire. The collected data were entered into EpiData software and exported to SPSS version 20 for cleaning and analysis. A binary logistic regression model was used. Adjusted and crude odds ratio with 95% CI were used. A P value less than 0.05 was used to declare statistical significance. Results. The prevalence of in-hospital mortality was found to be 21.29%. Cardiogenic shock AOR: 0.016 (95% CI: 0.001–0.267), complication at admission AOR: 5.25 (95% CI: 1.28–21.6), and ejection fraction (<30) AOR: 0.112 (95% CI: 0.022–0.562) were found to be significantly associated factors. Conclusion. The in-hospital mortality rate among admitted heart failure patients is unacceptably high. Due emphasis should be given on the identified associated factors to reduce the mortality.

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Background: The impact of an adverse prenatal environment such as famine exposure on the development of adulthood non-communicable chronic illnesses, including diabetes and hypertension has been well articulated in the recent past and supported by evidence. However, there exist few longitudinal studies conducted on the long term consequences of prenatal famine exposure on adulthood kidney function. Hence, we set out to examine whether prenatal exposure to the Ethiopian Great Famine (1983–1985) was associated with changes in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and the risk of developing chronic kidney disease (CKD) later in adult life.Methods: The study was conducted in 219 famine exposed and 222 non exposed cohorts in Raya Kobo district, North Wollo Zone, Northern Ethiopia. Estimated GFR was computed from standardized serum creatinine using the CKD Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation. The definition of CKD includes those with an eGFR of less than 60 ml/min/1.73m2 on at least in two occasions of ninety days apart (with or without markers of kidney damage). Linear and logistic regression analyses were employed to examine the independent effect of prenatal famine exposure on eGFR and CKD respectively.Results: The mean (SD) serum creatinine of exposed and non-exposed groups were 0.78 (0.2) and 0.75 (0.2) respectively. The mean (SD) eGFR of exposed groups was 107.95 (27.49) while the non-exposed 114.48 (24.81) ml/min. In linear regression, the unadjusted model to examine the association between famine exposure and eGFR resulted in a significant negative beta coefficient (β = -0.124: 95% CI: -11.43, -1.64). Adjusting the exposure for outstanding covariates of kidney health, including systolic blood pressure, fasting blood sugar and blood glucose did not alter the inverse relationship (β = -.114 95% CI: -10.84, -1.17). In the unadjusted bivariate logistic regression model, famine exposure resulted in nearly 2.7 times higher odds of developing CKD (OR: 2.68, 95% CI: 1.16, 6.2). The odds remained equivalent after adjusting for systolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose and body mass index (OR= 2.61: 95% CI: 1.120, 6.09).Conclusion: In the study setting, prenatal exposure to the Great Ethiopian Famine was associated with decreased eGFR and higher risk of developing CKD among survivors. These findings may imply that famine in early life may play a significant role in the development of kidney dysfunction in adulthood.

Background: The impact of an adverse prenatal environment such as famine exposure on development of adulthood non communicable chronic illnesses, including diabetes and hypertension has been well articulated in the recent past and supported by evidence. However, there exist a limited number of longitudinal studies on long term consequences of prenatal famine on adulthood kidney function. Hence, we set out to examine whether prenatal exposure to the Ethiopian Great Famine (1983–1985) was associated with changes in estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and risk of developing chronic kidney disease (CKD) during adulthood.Methods: The study was conducted in 219 famine exposed and 222 non exposed cohorts in Raya Kobo district, North Wollo Zone, Northern Ethiopia. Estimated GFR was computed using the CKD Epidemiology Collaboration (The CKD-EPI) equation. CKD was defined as eGFR= <60 mL/min per 1.73 m2. Linear and logistic regression analyses were employed to examine the independent effect of prenatal famine exposure on eGFR and CKD respectively.Results: The mean (SD) serum creatinine of exposed and non-exposed groups were 0.78 (0.2) and 0.75 (0.2) respectively. The mean (SD) eGFR of exposed groups was 107.95 (27.49) while the non-exposed 114.48 (24.81) ml/min. In linear regression, unadjusted model to examine the association between famine exposure and eGFR resulted in a significant negative beta coefficient (β = -0.124: 95% CI: -11.43, -1.64). Adjusting the exposure for outstanding covariates of kidney health, including systolic blood pressure, fasting blood sugar and blood glucose did not alter the inverse relationship (β = -.114 95% CI:-10.84, -1.17). In binary unadjusted logit model, famine exposure resulted in nearly 2.7 times increased odds of developing CKD (OR: 2.68, 95% CI: 1.16, 6.2). The odds remained equivalent after adjusting for systolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose and BMI (OR= 2.61: 95% CI: 1.120, 6.09).Conclusion: prenatal exposure to the Great Ethiopian Famine was associated with decreased eGFR and greater risk of CKD among survivors. These findings may imply that famine in early life may play significant role in the development of kidney dysfunction in adulthood.